Hi everyone,
I've been passionate about sandbox games and how they are designed into a functioning coherent environment. I developed most of this passion in Eve and served as a CSM last year. I'm hopeful that DU will be the future of sandbox sci-fi games. I wanted to note down how I think NQ can better some of the game's most important aspects. Some of their staff probably read here too. The forums have this "one idea per thread" rule, so I decided to put them here. Here are some problems, and how I would solve them.
PvP
1) Cube Meta: Need viability for non-cubes.

By small changes in the math, it should be possible to make drag matter more in atmo, not for small cross sectioned ships, but for the ones with bigger CS.
A developmentally costlier option would be letting players edit the "area" that a core unit provides. PvP rewards smaller core units so it becomes important to cram all the elements into small areas. That promotes the cubes. If we could edit the area into a 3d rectangle (total area remains the same, just changes shape), that'd let us to make ships that aren't cubes and cram the same amount of stuff.
The best option would be making cross section matter in PvP. Ideally (not sure if servers can handle this), weapons should miss more if target ships have a narrow cross section from the attacker's POV. If servers can't calculate relative POV's, then an easier way to implement cross section into PvP is using the smallest CS of a ship as a coefficient in the miss chance.

2) Small vs Big Ships: Need drastic balance.

The lock range differentiation wrt target core unit size needs to go. It's keeping everyone from even thinking about M or L core PvP ships. Eve has this mechanic entirely right. Larger ships should be able to lock and fire at longer ranges. They should just miss more.
Small ships should have tracking and lock time advantages. Tracking should matter to the extent that if I am going 90 degrees wrt a big ship in a smaller core, even at ranges like 100km, that should make me easier to miss. After all those are the ranges most of the combat happens.
Some sort of limitation to cramming L guns to small constructs is needed. If "power" isn't going toward that direction, NQ should just make M/L gun models way larger (and make them slower-turning too that'd align with the above recommendation).
More tanking advantage to larger ships is needed. Perhaps weapons tear through too many voxels at the same time. Or voxels should be overall less heavy so we can use more of them.
Instead, the larger cores actually have speed advantage where they shouldn't. This is because you can cram way more Delta V in an M/L core compared to how much you can cram in an S/XS core. Sure the reactivation time is a good balancing factor but it's not enough if the large ships can accelerate and decelerate at way higher Gs. Again, one easy option would be drastically increasing the size of L/XL engine models to match the proportions of area differences among cores.

3) Non-Consensual PvP:
The current non-consensual PvP is very binary and unsustainable. If you can find some people careless enough to go in a direct path between two planets with no radars, you kill them. People will wake up (or they already did) to this very fast, plus warp drives will become abundant, and pretty soon no such PvP will be possible. Meanwhile, if you are a new player with no knowledge and you get caught to pirates like this, you basically have zero options to protect yourself.

For Offense: Steal warp bubbles (disrupts your warp path), webs (slows down your target ship), combat probes (detects position of a target ship) from Eve. They'll be great additions.
Create rewards in space for which people will be willing to take risks. Asteroids/asteroid mining is supposed to function like this. But depending on implementation they can either become monopolized or just too abundant/wide to go and find any targets in.
Hope eventually stealth gets added. It's easy to imagine it as radar immunity (until close proximity). But it should have drastic downsides.
For Defense: Combat probes can actually be used defensively too.
Some sort of "evasive maneuver". Perhaps a module that provides a quick random change in the ship's direction but not the speed that the offender needs to adapt.
Some sort of temporary damage mitigation solution.

Economy
1) There is no need to trade.

People don't use the markets too much. Every org has a mining/industry wing and everything is made in-house. I think this problem arises from the fact that the only scalable and reliable way to make money is mining/industry (maybe add logistics but that's dependent on the first two). Sure you got some people with eccentric ventures and ship developers but you can't scale that across hundreds of people. Since you have to have a factory to earn money, why wouldn't you scale it so you make everything and are self-sufficient? Now, if there was a plethora of other moneymaking activities in the game, then we'd see a way more an Eve-like market and specialization of activities. Imho this is hard to achieve without NPCs. It's really hard to imagine a functioning sandbox without the bottom layer of the ecosystem. NPCs to a sandbox MMO are what grass/vegetation is to an ecosystem. Without them there are no missions, nothing to kill and earn money from in a multitude of ways. No reward that people in adequate ships can go and chase, and become prey to other people like pirates. I kinda just wish NQ had 3 more years/funding to develop the game. The Minecraft/Factoria will be attractive for only so long if there is no meaningful economy, trade, differentiation, and things to do with things you make. Talents seem to be made in a way to foster differentiation, so maybe that's where we'll see some improvement. But game design needs to change.

2) Resource Hexes are too disposable.

The game has a great digging system. We create these elaborate mines. We could voxelize them and make wonders with them. Instead, we abandon them in 2 hours. With the territory warfare, under current ore system, the only place that'll be worth attacking is the HQ of a corp with the stashes and factories. And I'm pretty sure most people will move those to the Sanctuary once the territory warfare hits. Resource hexes would have been great places to fight over. But even meganodes last just a day as of this point.
In an ideal design, ore should have been way less scattered across different hexes. And once it's found in a hex, it should have lasted a long time, so there are these valuable resource mines to fight over. The pace of mining is actually perhaps fine. But there are lots of other ways to achieve "long lasting resource mines". Like going deeper could "destabilize" a hex so people would have to put down units that take a week to anchor. And bettemore abundant ore could have been found in deeper attitudes. This is just one way on top off my head.

3) No mining robots please.

Ditch this idea that was mentioned months ago if it's still in the cooking. You don't want to delegitimize the human time spent on the only meaningful resource gathering activity in the game.

Overall I have great hopes but also concerns about the game. One major concern/test was whether the server tech will hold. It has improved a lot and that's great news for NQ. The next concern is whether NQ is spread too thin. The game's development was probably too early to commit to a non-wipe environment, and NQ might be underestimating how much it lacks vs an actually functioning ecosystem. Not to mention customer support is pretty nonexistent (god forbid you have a problem that's beyond the Discord staff's abilities). People will get bored of cool looking handcrafted ships pretty fast unless they have meaningful stuff to do in them very soon.
Let's see how things develop.
o7

AJ ALMENDINGER

glimpse into the future of Roblox

Our vision to bring the world together through play has never been more relevant than it is now. As our founder and CEO, David Baszucki (a.k.a. Builderman), mentioned in his keynote, more and more people are using Roblox to stay connected with their friends and loved ones. He hinted at a future where, with our automatic machine translation technology, Roblox will one day act as a universal translator, enabling people from different cultures and backgrounds to connect and learn from each other.
During his keynote, Builderman also elaborated upon our vision to build the Metaverse; the future of avatar creation on the platform (infinitely customizable avatars that allow any body, any clothing, and any animation to come together seamlessly); more personalized game discovery; and simulating large social gatherings (like concerts, graduations, conferences, etc.) with tens of thousands of participants all in one server. We’re still very early on in this journey, but if these past five months have shown us anything, it’s clear that there is a growing need for human co-experience platforms like Roblox that allow people to play, create, learn, work, and share experiences together in a safe, civil 3D immersive space.
Up next, our VP of Developer Relations, Matt Curtis (a.k.a. m4rrh3w), shared an update on all the things we’re doing to continue empowering developers to create innovative and exciting content through collaboration, support, and expertise. He also highlighted some of the impressive milestones our creator community has achieved since last year’s RDC. Here are a few key takeaways:

Adopt Me! now has over 10 billion plays and surpassed 1.6 million concurrent users.
Piggy, launched in January 2020, has close to 5 billion visits in just over six months.
Developers are on track to earn over $250 million in 2020.
In June 2020, developers earned nearly $2 million from Premium Payouts, which rewards them based on the amount of engagement time Premium subscribers spend in their games.
There are now 345,000 developers on the platform who are monetizing their games.

And lastly, our VP of Engineering, Technology, Adam Miller (a.k.a. rbadam), unveiled a myriad of cool and upcoming features developers will someday be able to sink their teeth into. We saw a glimpse of procedural skies, skinned meshes, more high-quality materials, new terrain types, more fonts in Studio, a new asset type for in-game videos, haptic feedback on mobile, real-time CSG operations, and many more awesome tools that will unlock the potential for even bigger, more immersive experiences on Roblox.

Vibin’

Despite the virtual setting, RDC just wouldn’t have been the same without any fun party activities and networking opportunities. So, we invited special guests DJ Hyper Potions and cyber mentalist Colin Cloud for some truly awesome, truly mind-bending entertainment. Yoga instructor Erin Gilmore also swung by to inspire attendees to get out of their chair and get their body moving. And of course, we even had virtual rooms dedicated to karaoke and head-to-head social games, like trivia and Pictionary.
Over on the networking side, Team Adopt Me, Red Manta, StyLiS Studios, and Summit Studios hosted a virtual booth for attendees to ask questions, submit resumes, and more. We also had a networking session where three participants would be randomly grouped together to get to know each other.

What does Roblox mean to you?

We all know how talented the Roblox community is from your creations. We’ve heard plenty of stories over the years about how Roblox has touched your lives, how you’ve made friendships, learned new skills, or simply found a place where you can be yourself. We wanted to hear more. So, we asked attendees: What does Roblox mean to you? How has Roblox connected you? How has Roblox changed your life? Then, over the course of RDC, we incorporated your responses into this awesome mural.
📷
Created by Alece Birnbach at Graphic Recording Studio

Knowledge is power

This year’s breakout sessions included presentations from Roblox developers and staff members on the latest game development strategies, a deep dive into the Roblox engine, learning how to animate with Blender, tools for working together in teams, building performant game worlds, and the new Creator Dashboard. Dr. Michael Rich, Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School and Physician at Boston Children’s Hospital, also led attendees through a discussion on mental health and how to best take care of you and your friends’ emotional well-being, especially now during these challenging times.
📷
Making the Dream Work with Teamwork (presented by Roblox developer Myzta)
In addition to our traditional Q&A panel with top product and engineering leaders at Roblox, we also held a special session with Builderman himself to answer the community’s biggest questions.
📷
Roblox Product and Engineering Q&A Panel

2020 Game Jam

The Game Jam is always one of our favorite events of RDC. It’s a chance for folks to come together, flex their development skills, and come up with wildly inventive game ideas that really push the boundaries of what’s possible on Roblox. We had over 60 submissions this year—a new RDC record.
Once again, teams of up to six people from around the world had less than 24 hours to conceptualize, design, and publish a game based on the theme “2020 Vision,” all while working remotely no less! To achieve such a feat is nothing short of awe-inspiring, but as always, our dev community was more than up for the challenge. I’ve got to say, these were some of the finest creations we’ve seen.
WINNERS
Best in Show: Shapescape Created By: GhettoMilkMan, dayzeedog, maplestick, theloudscream, Brick_man, ilyannna You awaken in a strange laboratory, seemingly with no way out. Using a pair of special glasses, players must solve a series of anamorphic puzzles and optical illusions to make their escape.
Excellence in Visual Art: agn●sia Created By: boatbomber, thisfall, Elttob An obby experience unlike any other, this game is all about seeing the world through a different lens. Reveal platforms by switching between different colored lenses and make your way to the end.
Most Creative Gameplay: Visions of a perspective reality Created By: Noble_Draconian and Spathi Sometimes all it takes is a change in perspective to solve challenges. By switching between 2D and 3D perspectives, players can maneuver around obstacles or find new ways to reach the end of each level.
Outstanding Use of Tech: The Eyes of Providence Created By: Quenty, Arch_Mage, AlgyLacey, xJennyBeanx, Zomebody, Crykee This action/strategy game comes with a unique VR twist. While teams fight to construct the superior monument, two VR players can support their minions by collecting resources and manipulating the map.
Best Use of Theme: Sticker Situation Created By: dragonfrosting and Yozoh Set in a mysterious art gallery, players must solve puzzles by manipulating the environment using a magic camera and stickers. Snap a photograph, place down a sticker, and see how it changes the world.
OTHER TOP PICKS

HONORABLE MENTIONS

‘Til next year

And that about wraps up our coverage of the first-ever digital RDC. Thanks to all who attended! Before we go, we wanted to share a special “behind the scenes” video from the 2020 RDC photoshoot.
Check it out:
It was absolutely bonkers. Getting 350 of us all in one server was so much fun and really brought back the feeling of being together with everyone again. That being said, we can’t wait to see you all—for real this time—at RDC next year. It’s going to be well worth the wait. ‘Til we meet again, my friends.
© 2020 Roblox Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Improving Simulation and Performance with an Advanced Physics Solver

August

05, 2020

by chefdeletat
PRODUCT & TECH
📷In mid-2015, Roblox unveiled a major upgrade to its physics engine: the Projected Gauss-Seidel (PGS) physics solver. For the first year, the new solver was optional and provided improved fidelity and greater performance compared to the previously used spring solver.
In 2016, we added support for a diverse set of new physics constraints, incentivizing developers to migrate to the new solver and extending the creative capabilities of the physics engine. Any new places used the PGS solver by default, with the option of reverting back to the classic solver.
We ironed out some stability issues associated with high mass differences and complex mechanisms by the introduction of the hybrid LDL-PGS solver in mid-2018. This made the old solver obsolete, and it was completely disabled in 2019, automatically migrating all places to the PGS.
In 2019, the performance was further improved using multi-threading that splits the simulation into jobs consisting of connected islands of simulating parts. We still had performance issues related to the LDL that we finally resolved in early 2020.
The physics engine is still being improved and optimized for performance, and we plan on adding new features for the foreseeable future.

Implementing the Laws of Physics

📷
The main objective of a physics engine is to simulate the motion of bodies in a virtual environment. In our physics engine, we care about bodies that are rigid, that collide and have constraints with each other.
A physics engine is organized into two phases: collision detection and solving. Collision detection finds intersections between geometries associated with the rigid bodies, generating appropriate collision information such as collision points, normals and penetration depths. Then a solver updates the motion of rigid bodies under the influence of the collisions that were detected and constraints that were provided by the user.
📷
The motion is the result of the solver interpreting the laws of physics, such as conservation of energy and momentum. But doing this 100% accurately is prohibitively expensive, and the trick to simulating it in real-time is to approximate to increase performance, as long as the result is physically realistic. As long as the basic laws of motion are maintained within a reasonable tolerance, this tradeoff is completely acceptable for a computer game simulation.

Taking Small Steps

The main idea of the physics engine is to discretize the motion using time-stepping. The equations of motion of constrained and unconstrained rigid bodies are very difficult to integrate directly and accurately. The discretization subdivides the motion into small time increments, where the equations are simplified and linearized making it possible to solve them approximately. This means that during each time step the motion of the relevant parts of rigid bodies that are involved in a constraint is linearly approximated.
📷📷
Although a linearized problem is easier to solve, it produces drift in a simulation containing non-linear behaviors, like rotational motion. Later we’ll see mitigation methods that help reduce the drift and make the simulation more plausible.

Solving

📷
Having linearized the equations of motion for a time step, we end up needing to solve a linear system or linear complementarity problem (LCP). These systems can be arbitrarily large and can still be quite expensive to solve exactly. Again the trick is to find an approximate solution using a faster method. A modern method to approximately solve an LCP with good convergence properties is the Projected Gauss-Seidel (PGS). It is an iterative method, meaning that with each iteration the approximate solution is brought closer to the true solution, and its final accuracy depends on the number of iterations.
📷
This animation shows how a PGS solver changes the positions of the bodies at each step of the iteration process, the objective being to find the positions that respect the ball and socket constraints while preserving the center of mass at each step (this is a type of positional solver used by the IK dragger). Although this example has a simple analytical solution, it’s a good demonstration of the idea behind the PGS. At each step, the solver fixes one of the constraints and lets the other be violated. After a few iterations, the bodies are very close to their correct positions. A characteristic of this method is how some rigid bodies seem to vibrate around their final position, especially when coupling interactions with heavier bodies. If we don’t do enough iterations, the yellow part might be left in a visibly invalid state where one of its two constraints is dramatically violated. This is called the high mass ratio problem, and it has been the bane of physics engines as it causes instabilities and explosions. If we do too many iterations, the solver becomes too slow, if we don’t it becomes unstable. Balancing the two sides has been a painful and long process.

Mitigation Strategies

📷A solver has two major sources of inaccuracies: time-stepping and iterative solving (there is also floating point drift but it’s minor compared to the first two). These inaccuracies introduce errors in the simulation causing it to drift from the correct path. Some of this drift is tolerable like slightly different velocities or energy loss, but some are not like instabilities, large energy gains or dislocated constraints.
Therefore a lot of the complexity in the solver comes from the implementation of methods to minimize the impact of computational inaccuracies. Our final implementation uses some traditional and some novel mitigation strategies:

Warm starting: starting with the solution from a previous time-step to increase the convergence rate of the iterative solver
Post-stabilization: reprojecting the system back to the constraint manifold to prevent constraint drift
Regularization: adding compliance to the constraints ensuring a solution exists and is unique
Pre-conditioning: using an exact solution to a linear subsystem, improving the stability of complex mechanisms

Strategies 1, 2 and 3 are pretty traditional, but 3 has been improved and perfected by us. Also, although 4 is not unheard of, we haven’t seen any practical implementation of it. We use an original factorization method for large sparse constraint matrices and a new efficient way of combining it with the PGS. The resulting implementation is only slightly slower compared to pure PGS but ensures that the linear system coming from equality constraints is solved exactly. Consequently, the equality constraints suffer only from drift coming from the time discretization. Details on our methods are contained in my GDC 2020 presentation. Currently, we are investigating direct methods applied to inequality constraints and collisions.

Getting More Details

Traditionally there are two mathematical models for articulated mechanisms: there are reduced coordinate methods spearheaded by Featherstone, that parametrize the degrees of freedom at each joint, and there are full coordinate methods that use a Lagrangian formulation.
We use the second formulation as it is less restrictive and requires much simpler mathematics and implementation.
The Roblox engine uses analytical methods to compute the dynamic response of constraints, as opposed to penalty methods that were used before. Analytics methods were initially introduced in Baraff 1989, where they are used to treat both equality and non-equality constraints in a consistent manner. Baraff observed that the contact model can be formulated using quadratic programming, and he provided a heuristic solution method (which is not the method we use in our solver).
Instead of using force-based formulation, we use an impulse-based formulation in velocity space, originally introduced by Mirtich-Canny 1995 and further improved by Stewart-Trinkle 1996, which unifies the treatment of different contact types and guarantees the existence of a solution for contacts with friction. At each timestep, the constraints and collisions are maintained by applying instantaneous changes in velocities due to constraint impulses. An excellent explanation of why impulse-based simulation is superior is contained in the GDC presentation of Catto 2014.
The frictionless contacts are modeled using a linear complementarity problem (LCP) as described in Baraff 1994. Friction is added as a non-linear projection onto the friction cone, interleaved with the iterations of the Projected Gauss-Seidel.
The numerical drift that introduces positional errors in the constraints is resolved using a post-stabilization technique using pseudo-velocities introduced by Cline-Pai 2003. It involves solving a second LCP in the position space, which projects the system back to the constraint manifold.
The LCPs are solved using a PGS / Impulse Solver popularized by Catto 2005 (also see Catto 2009). This method is iterative and considers each individual constraints in sequence and resolves it independently. Over many iterations, and in ideal conditions, the system converges to a global solution.
Additionally, high mass ratio issues in equality constraints are ironed out by preconditioning the PGS using the sparse LDL decomposition of the constraint matrix of equality constraints. Dense submatrices of the constraint matrix are sparsified using a method we call Body Splitting. This is similar to the LDL decomposition used in Baraff 1996, but allows more general mechanical systems, and solves the system in constraint space. For more information, you can see my GDC 2020 presentation.
The architecture of our solver follows the idea of Guendelman-Bridson-Fedkiw, where the velocity and position stepping are separated by the constraint resolution. Our time sequencing is:

Advance velocities
Constraint resolution in velocity space and position space
Advance positions

This scheme has the advantage of integrating only valid velocities, and limiting latency in external force application but allowing a small amount of perceived constraint violation due to numerical drift.
An excellent reference for rigid body simulation is the book Erleben 2005 that was recently made freely available. You can find online lectures about physics-based animation, a blog by Nilson Souto on building a physics engine, a very good GDC presentation by Erin Catto on modern solver methods, and forums like the Bullet Physics Forum and GameDev which are excellent places to ask questions.

In Conclusion

The field of game physics simulation presents many interesting problems that are both exciting and challenging. There are opportunities to learn a substantial amount of cool mathematics and physics and to use modern optimizations techniques. It’s an area of game development that tightly marries mathematics, physics and software engineering.
Even if Roblox has a good rigid body physics engine, there are areas where it can be improved and optimized. Also, we are working on exciting new projects like fracturing, deformation, softbody, cloth, aerodynamics and water simulation.
Neither Roblox Corporation nor this blog endorses or supports any company or service. Also, no guarantees or promises are made regarding the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information contained in this blog.
This blog post was originally published on the Roblox Tech Blog.
© 2020 Roblox Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Using Clang to Minimize Global Variable Use

July

23, 2020

by RandomTruffle
PRODUCT & TECH
Every non-trivial program has at least some amount of global state, but too much can be a bad thing. In C++ (which constitutes close to 100% of Roblox’s engine code) this global state is initialized before main() and destroyed after returning from main(), and this happens in a mostly non-deterministic order. In addition to leading to confusing startup and shutdown semantics that are difficult to reason about (or change), it can also lead to severe instability.
Roblox code also creates a lot of long-running detached threads (threads which are never joined and just run until they decide to stop, which might be never). These two things together have a very serious negative interaction on shutdown, because long-running threads continue accessing the global state that is being destroyed. This can lead to elevated crash rates, test suite flakiness, and just general instability.
The first step to digging yourself out of a mess like this is to understand the extent of the problem, so in this post I’m going to talk about one technique you can use to gain visibility into your global startup flow. I’m also going to discuss how we are using this to improve stability across the entire Roblox game engine platform by decreasing our use of global variables.

Introducing -finstrument-functions

Nothing excites me more than learning about a new obscure compiler option that I’ve never had a use for before, so I was pretty happy when a colleague pointed me to this option in the Clang Command Line Reference. I’d never used it before, but it sounded very cool. The idea being that if we could get the compiler to tell us every time it entered and exited a function, we could filter this information through a symbolizer of some kind and generate a report of functions that a) occur before main(), and b) are the very first function in the call-stack (indicating it’s a global).
Unfortunately, the documentation basically just tells you that the option exists with no mention of how to use it or if it even actually does what it sounds like it does. There’s also two different options that sound similar to each other (-finstrument-functions and -finstrument-functions-after-inlining), and I still wasn’t entirely sure what the difference was. So I decided to throw up a quick sample on godbolt to see what happened, which you can see here. Note there are two assembly outputs for the same source listing. One uses the first option and the other uses the second option, and we can compare the assembly output to understand the differences. We can gather a few takeaways from this sample:

The compiler is injecting calls to __cyg_profile_func_enter and __cyg_profile_func_exit inside of every function, inline or not.
The only difference between the two options occurs at the call-site of an inline function.
With -finstrument-functions, the instrumentation for the inlined function is inserted at the call-site, whereas with -finstrument-functions-after-inlining we only have instrumentation for the outer function. This means that when using-finstrument-functions-after-inlining you won’t be able to determine which functions are inlined and where.

Of course, this sounds exactly like what the documentation said it did, but sometimes you just need to look under the hood to convince yourself.
To put all of this another way, if we want to know about calls to inline functions in this trace we need to use -finstrument-functions because otherwise their instrumentation is silently removed by the compiler. Sadly, I was never able to get -finstrument-functions to work on a real example. I would always end up with linker errors deep in the Standard C++ Library which I was unable to figure out. My best guess is that inlining is often a heuristic, and this can somehow lead to subtle ODR (one-definition rule) violations when the optimizer makes different inlining decisions from different translation units. Luckily global constructors (which is what we care about) cannot possibly be inlined anyway, so this wasn’t a problem.
I suppose I should also mention that I still got tons of linker errors with -finstrument-functions-after-inlining as well, but I did figure those out. As best as I can tell, this option seems to imply –whole-archive linker semantics. Discussion of –whole-archive is outside the scope of this blog post, but suffice it to say that I fixed it by using linker groups (e.g. -Wl,–start-group and -Wl,–end-group) on the compiler command line. I was a bit surprised that we didn’t get these same linker errors without this option and still don’t totally understand why. If you happen to know why this option would change linker semantics, please let me know in the comments!

Implementing the Callback Hooks

If you’re astute, you may be wondering what in the world __cyg_profile_func_enter and __cyg_profile_func_exit are and why the program is even successfully linking in the first without giving undefined symbol reference errors, since the compiler is apparently trying to call some function we’ve never defined. Luckily, there are some options that allow us to see inside the linker’s algorithm so we can find out where it’s getting this symbol from to begin with. Specifically, -y should tell us how the linker is resolving . We’ll try it with a dummy program first and a symbol that we’ve defined ourselves, then we’ll try it with __cyg_profile_func_enter .

[email protected]:~/src/sandbox$ cat instr.cpp int main() {} [email protected]:~/src/sandbox$ clang++-9 -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,-y -Wl,main instr.cpp /usbin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o: reference to main /tmp/instr-5b6c60.o: definition of main

No surprises here. The C Runtime Library references main(), and our object file defines it. Now let’s see what happens with __cyg_profile_func_enter and -finstrument-functions-after-inlining.

[email protected]:~/src/sandbox$ clang++-9 -fuse-ld=lld -finstrument-functions-after-inlining -Wl,-y -Wl,__cyg_profile_func_enter instr.cpp /tmp/instr-8157b3.o: reference to __cyg_profile_func_enter /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: shared definition of __cyg_profile_func_enter

Now, we see that libc provides the definition, and our object file references it. Linking works a bit differently on Unix-y platforms than it does on Windows, but basically this means that if we define this function ourselves in our cpp file, the linker will just automatically prefer it over the shared library version. Working godbolt link without runtime output is here. So now you can kind of see where this is going, however there are still a couple of problems left to solve.

We don’t want to do this for a full run of the program. We want to stop as soon as we reach main.
We need a way to symbolize this trace.

The first problem is easy to solve. All we need to do is compare the address of the function being called to the address of main, and set a flag indicating we should stop tracing henceforth. (Note that taking the address of main is undefined behavior[1], but for our purposes it gets the job done, and we aren’t shipping this code, so ¯\_(ツ)_/¯). The second problem probably deserves a little more discussion though.

Symbolizing the Traces

In order to symbolize these traces, we need two things. First, we need to store the trace somewhere on persistent storage. We can’t expect to symbolize in real time with any kind of reasonable performance. You can write some C code to save the trace to some magic filename, or you can do what I did and just write it to stderr (this way you can pipe stderr to some file when you run it).
Second, and perhaps more importantly, for every address we need to write out the full path to the module the address belongs to. Your program loads many shared libraries, and in order to translate an address into a symbol, we have to know which shared library or executable the address actually belongs to. In addition, we have to be careful to write out the address of the symbol in the file on disk. When your program is running, the operating system could have loaded it anywhere in memory. And if we’re going to symbolize it after the fact we need to make sure we can still reference it after the information about where it was loaded in memory is lost. The linux function dladdr() gives us both pieces of information we need. A working godbolt sample with the exact implementation of our instrumentation hooks as they appear in our codebase can be found here.

Putting it All Together

Now that we have a file in this format saved on disk, all we need to do is symbolize the addresses. addr2line is one option, but I went with llvm-symbolizer as I find it more robust. I wrote a Python script to parse the file and symbolize each address, then print it in the same “visual” hierarchical format that the original output file is in. There are various options for filtering the resulting symbol list so that you can clean up the output to include only things that are interesting for your case. For example, I filtered out any globals that have boost:: in their name, because I can’t exactly go rewrite boost to not use global variables.
The script isn’t as simple as you would think, because simply crawling each line and symbolizing it would be unacceptably slow (when I tried this, it took over 2 hours before I finally killed the process). This is because the same address might appear thousands of times, and there’s no reason to run llvm-symbolizer against the same address multiple times. So there’s a lot of smarts in there to pre-process the address list and eliminate duplicates. I won’t discuss the implementation in more detail because it isn’t super interesting. But I’ll do even better and provide the source!
So after all of this, we can run any one of our internal targets to get the call tree, run it through the script, and then get output like this (actual output from a Roblox process, source file information removed):

excluded_symbols = [‘.\boost.*’]* excluded_modules = [‘/usr.\’]* /uslib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libLLVM-9.so.1: 140 unique addresses InterestingRobloxProcess: 38928 unique addresses /uslib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: 1 unique addresses /uslib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc++.so.1: 3 unique addresses Printing call tree with depth 2 for 29276 global variables. __cxx_global_var_init.5 (InterestingFile1.cpp:418:22) RBX::InterestingRobloxClass2::InterestingRobloxClass2() (InterestingFile2.cpp.:415:0) __cxx_global_var_init.19 (InterestingFile2.cpp:183:34) (anonymous namespace)::InterestingRobloxClass2::InterestingRobloxClass2() (InterestingFile2.cpp:171:0) __cxx_global_var_init.274 (InterestingFile3.cpp:2364:33) RBX::InterestingRobloxClass3::InterestingRobloxClass3()

So there you have it: the first half of the battle is over. I can run this script on every platform, compare results to understand what order our globals are actually initialized in in practice, then slowly migrate this code out of global initializers and into main where it can be deterministic and explicit.

Future Work

It occurred to me sometime after implementing this that we could make a general purpose profiling hook that exposed some public symbols (dllexport’ed if you speak Windows), and allowed a plugin module to hook into this dynamically. This plugin module could filter addresses using whatever arbitrary logic that it was interested in. One interesting use case I came up for this is that it could look up the debug information, check if the current address maps to the constructor of a function local static, and write out the address if so. This effectively allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the order in which our lazy statics are initialized. The possibilities are endless here.

MAMETesters Bugs Fixed

03122: [DIP/Input] (ltcasino.cpp) mv4in1, ltcasino, ltcasinn: Service Mode DIP switch does not work. (Dirk Best)
05291: [Sound] (coco3.cpp) All drivers in coco.c: ORC90 emulation has no sound output. (Nigel Barnes)
03130: [Graphics] (ccastles.cpp) ccastles: Reported screen resolution is incorrect. (Dirk Best)
07075: [Sound] (m72.cpp) hharry: Victory scream is too low compared to previous mame releases and arcade PCB. (cam900)
07242: [Crash/Freeze] (vegas.cpp) sf2049: Game freezes in attract mode. (Ted Green)
07255: [Crash/Freeze] (sms.cpp) gamegear [ecco]: Game Gear ROM Ecco freezes on a pink/purple screen. (Enik Land)
07265: [DIP/Input] (tsamurai.cpp) tsamuraih: Lives DIP switch settings are incorrect. (chaneman)
07266: [Sound] (snk6502.cpp) sasuke: Initial game music plays partially or not at all after hitting Start. (Ivan Vangelista)
07270: [Crash/Freeze] (cps1.cpp) sf2ceea: Debugger crashes when accessing memory under certain conditions. (hap)
07272: [Documentation] (spg110.cpp) jak_spdmo: In the description the letter “W” is missing in the word “hardware”. (Tafoid)
07275: [Core] Weird pacing issue on Windows. (hap)
07279: [Crash/Freeze] (amstrad.cpp) cpc6128: Loading disk images with exess tracks causes a fatal error. (Edström)
07281: [DIP/Input] (pocketc.cpp) pc1401, pc1402: Inputs are mapped incorrectly. (Robbbert)
07282: [Crash/Freeze] (alphatro.cpp) alphatro: After “width 80” entered, MAME freezes. (AJR)

New working machines

Akka Arrh (prototype) [Aaron Giles, The Dumping Union]
Applied Concepts Great Game Machine [hap, bataais]
Bonus Poker [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Computer Chess (Conic) [hap, Sean Riddle]
Fidelity Electronics Chess Challenger 3 [hap, Berger, Sean Riddle]
Fun World Quiz (German, 12-11-1990) [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Fun World Quiz (German, 27-04-1990) [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Game & Watch: Popeye (wide screen) [Henrik Algestam]
Game & Watch: Zelda [Henrik Algestam]
Invader (Gakken, cyan version) [hap, Sean Riddle, hydef]
Kuzmich-Egorych [shattered]
Name That Tune (Castle Toy) [hap, Sean Riddle]
Nevada (French, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]

New working clones

Applied Concepts Boris (rev. 01) [Sean Riddle]
ARB V2 Sargon 4.0 [anon]
Casino Poker (Ver PM86-35-1, German) [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Dock Man (set 2) [Andrew Welburn, The Dumping Union]
Dock Man (set 3) [Andrew Welburn, The Dumping Union]
Empire City: 1931 (France) [Fabrice Arzeno, The Dumping Union]
Euro League (Gaelco bootleg, Modular System) [ClawGrip, David Haywood]
Fidelity Electronics Chess Challenger 7 (model CC7) [Sean Riddle]
Little Casino II v18.1 [Andrew Welburn, The Dumped Union]
Novag Super Expert (version B, model 886) [Berger]
Novag Super Forte (version A, set 3) [Berger]
Street Heat (set 2, older?) [chaneman]
Super Bobble Bobble (bootleg, set 5) [Lorenzo Mancini]

Machines promoted to working

Joker Card (Inter Games) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Joker Card 300 (Ver.A267BC, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive, Gaby]
Mega Card (Ver.0210, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive]
Multi Win (Ver.0167, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive]
Power Card (Ver 0263, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive]
Saloon (French, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Tripple Draw (V3.1 s) [Ivan Vangelista]

Clones promoted to working

Dragon World (Korea, V040K) [Ivan Vangelista]
Jolly Card (German, Fun World, bootleg) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Jolly Card (Italian, bootleg, set 2) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Royal Card (Evona, Polish, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Wonder Boy (system 2, set 2, 315-5176) [Ivan Vangelista]

New machines marked as NOT_WORKING

Bikkuri Pro Wrestling (Japan 881221, Ver 1.05) [ShouTime, Dane Biegert, Evan Korzon, Russell Howard, Jeroen Bijl, Jeffrey Gray, Smitdogg, The Dumping Union]
Centipede / Millipede / Missile Command (rev 1.03) [chaneman, R. Belmont]
Ericsson 9161 Display Processor Unit [MCbx Old Computer Collection]
Husky Computers Ltd Hunter 16 [Barry Rodewald, rfka01, TeamEurope]
Multi-Action 6710-13 [Brian Troha, The Dumping Union]
Multi-Action 7551 [Brian Troha, The Dumping Union]
Multi-Action 7556 [Brian Troha, The Dumping Union]
Panther Darts [jordigahan, ClawGrip, The Dumping Union]
Toyquest TV Go Go [ClawGrip, TeamEurope]
Trivial Pursuit (Volumen V, Spanish, Maibesa hardware) [Retro Sevilla, Diego Bartolomé, Recreativas.org, ClawGrip]
Yamaha MU50 [R. Belmont, O. Galibert]

New clones marked as NOT_WORKING

Amstrad plc PCW9512 [Edström]
CompuAdd 810 [rfka01]
Dr. Dude (LU-1) Europe [PinMAME]
Elvira and the Party Monsters (LF-1) French [PinMAME]
Gilligan's Island (L-8) [PinMAME]
Husky Computers Ltd Hunter 16/80 [Barry Rodewald, rfka01, TeamEurope]
Hyosung Topstar 88T [rfka01]
Image Fight (Japan, bootleg) [hammy, The Dumping Union]
JUKO NEST 8086 and V30 [rfka01]
Kaypro Corporation PC [rfka01]
Kyocera XT [rfka01]
Last Action Hero (1.06 Canada) [Matt Morin]

New working software list additions

apple2_flop_clcracked: Adjectives (cleanly cracked), Adjectives (version 06.29.84) (cleanly cracked), Agenda Files (cleanly cracked), Air Nav Workshop (cleanly cracked), Air Raid Pearl Harbor (cleanly cracked), Air Traffic Controller (cleanly cracked), Alaska (cleanly cracked), Alfred's Basic Band Computer Tutor (cleanly cracked), Alge-Blaster (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 1 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 1 v1.3 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 2 v1.1 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 3 v1.2 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 4 v1.0 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 5 v1.2 (Peachtree) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 6 v1.2 (Peachtree) (cleanly cracked), Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (cleanly cracked), Alice in LogoLand (cleanly cracked), Alice in Wonderland rev. 2 (cleanly cracked), Alien Addition 1982.0 (cleanly cracked), Alien Addition 1985 (cleanly cracked), Alien Addition revision 2 (cleanly cracked), All About America (cleanly cracked), All About Purim (cleanly cracked), Alligator Alley (cleanly cracked), Alligator Mix (cleanly cracked), Alligator Mix 1982.0 (cleanly cracked), Alligators and Crocodiles (cleanly cracked), Alphabet Beasts and Company (cleanly cracked), Alphabetic Keyboarding Volume 1 (cleanly cracked), Alphabetic Keyboarding Volume 2 (cleanly cracked), Alphabetical Order (cleanly cracked), Alphabetization Sequence (cleanly cracked), Alphabetizing - Blue Level (cleanly cracked), Alpine Tram Ride (cleanly cracked), Alter Ego (female version) (cleanly cracked), Alter Ego (male version) (cleanly cracked), America Coast to Coast (cleanly cracked), American Government (Intellectual Software) (cleanly cracked), American Government (Micro Learningware) (cleanly cracked), American History Achievement IV: World War II - Present (cleanly cracked), Analogies Tutorial (cleanly cracked), Ancient Legends (cleanly cracked), Animal Homes and Stories (cleanly cracked), Animal Hotel (cleanly cracked), Animal Survival for Echo Voice System (cleanly cracked), Animal Survival for Ufonic Voice System (cleanly cracked), Animate (cleanly cracked), Ankh (cleanly cracked), Antonym Antics (cleanly cracked), Antonyms/Synonyms 1 (cleanly cracked), Antonyms/Synonyms 2 v05.25.87 (cleanly cracked), Aphasia I (cleanly cracked), Aphasia II - Opposites and Similarities (cleanly cracked), Aphasia III (cleanly cracked), Aphasia IV (cleanly cracked), Apple Cider Spider (cleanly cracked), Apple II Test Disk (cleanly cracked), AppleWriter ][ (cleanly cracked), Apventure to Atlantis (cleanly cracked), Aquatron (cleanly cracked), Arcade Boot Camp (cleanly cracked), Archon (cleanly cracked), Archon II - Adept (cleanly cracked), ARCO Computer Preparation for the SAT (cleanly cracked), Arcticfox (cleanly cracked), Ardy the Aardvark (cleanly cracked), Arena (cleanly cracked), Argos (cleanly cracked), Association Pictures (cleanly cracked), Audio Visual Inventory (cleanly cracked), Audubon Grizzly Bears - Wildlife Adventures (cleanly cracked), Autoduel (cleanly cracked), Axis Assassin (cleanly cracked), Back in Time (cleanly cracked), Bad Dudes (cleanly cracked), Bake & Taste (cleanly cracked), Bank Street StoryBook (cleanly cracked), Bank Street StoryBook 1.1 (cleanly cracked), Bank Street Writer II (cleanly cracked), Banner Books - All Along The Alphabet (cleanly cracked), Banner Books - Your School Day (cleanly cracked), Bannercatch (cleanly cracked), Baron (version 2.1) (cleanly cracked), Basic Biology (version 1.02) (cleanly cracked), Basic Division Facts (cleanly cracked), Basic Division Facts: Dividends to 25 - Factors to 5 (cleanly cracked), Basic Division Facts: Dividends to 81 - Factors to 9 (cleanly cracked), Basic Drafting: Review and Testmaker (version 3.0) (cleanly cracked), Basic Electricity (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Atomic Theory (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Electronic Fundamentals (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Electronic Math (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Electronic Prefixes, Symbols, and Components (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Fundamentals of DC Circuitry (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Competency Skill Building: Decimals (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Facts and Games (1981 release) (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Facts and Games (1983 re-release) (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Flash Facts (cleanly cracked), Basic Multiplication Facts (cleanly cracked), Basic Vocabulary Builder - Spanish (cleanly cracked), Battalion Commander (cleanly cracked), Battle Cruiser (cleanly cracked), Battle For Normandy (cleanly cracked), Battle Group (cleanly cracked), Battle of Antietam (version 1.5) (cleanly cracked), Battling Bugs and Concentraction (cleanly cracked), BC's Quest For Tires (cleanly cracked), Behind the Wheel, Blue Level (cleanly cracked), Bellhop (cleanly cracked), Below the Root (cleanly cracked), Berserker Raids (cleanly cracked), Bible Baseball (cleanly cracked), Bible Discovery (cleanly cracked), Big Book Maker: Favorite Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes (cleanly cracked), Big Book Maker: Tall Tales and American Folk Heroes (cleanly cracked), Big Red Mania (cleanly cracked), Bike Hike (cleanly cracked), Bingo Bugglebee Presents Famous People (cleanly cracked), Bingo Bugglebee Presents Home Alone (cleanly cracked), Bingo Bugglebee Presents Outdoor Safety (cleanly cracked), Biology Achievement II: Reproduction and Development (cleanly cracked), Biomes (cleanly cracked), Birds (cleanly cracked), Blockers and Finders (cleanly cracked), Blue Powder Grey Smoke (cleanly cracked), Bolo (cleanly cracked), Bomb Alley (cleanly cracked), Borrowed Time (cleanly cracked), Boulder Dash (cleanly cracked), Boulderdash Construction Kit (cleanly cracked), Bouncing Kamungas (cleanly cracked), Box Introduces Addition (cleanly cracked), Bridge Baron II (cleanly cracked), Building Compounds (cleanly cracked), Building Reading Skills (version 85-02) (cleanly cracked), Building With Vowels (cleanly cracked), Bulletin Board Maker: City and Country (cleanly cracked), Bulletin Board Maker: Your Neighborhood (cleanly cracked), Bumble Plot (1982) (cleanly cracked), Bumble Plot (version 1.2) (cleanly cracked), C'est La Vie (cleanly cracked), Calendar Skills v08.31.86 (cleanly cracked), Cannonball Blitz (cleanly cracked), Capitalization (cleanly cracked), Capitalization (version 1.5) (cleanly cracked), Capitalization Practice (cleanly cracked), Capitalization Test (version 01.29.87) (cleanly cracked), Car Builder (cleanly cracked), Car Builder (revision 2) (cleanly cracked), Car Builder (revision 3) (cleanly cracked), Carrier Force (cleanly cracked), Cartels and Cutthroats (cleanly cracked), Case of the Great Train Robbery: Fact and Opinion (cleanly cracked), Case of the Missing Chick: Finding The Main Idea (cleanly cracked), Castle Wolfenstein (cleanly cracked), Cat 'n Mouse (revision 2) (cleanly cracked), Cat 'n Mouse (revision 3) (cleanly cracked), Catch a Falling Star: Dolphin Math Games (cleanly cracked), Categorizing: Detective Games (cleanly cracked), Catlab (version 2.0) (cleanly cracked), Cats and Kittens (cleanly cracked), Cause and Effect (version 12.14.87) (cleanly cracked), Cause and Effect: What Makes It Happen (cleanly cracked), Centauri Alliance (cleanly cracked), Challenge Sentence Combining (cleanly cracked), Championship Baseball (cleanly cracked), Championship Golf (cleanly cracked), Changing Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers (cleanly cracked), Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions (cleanly cracked), Chariots, Cougars, and Kings (cleanly cracked), Chemistry Achievement I - Mathematics of Chemistry (cleanly cracked), Chivalry (cleanly cracked), Circus Subtraction (cleanly cracked), City and Country Opposites (cleanly cracked), Clock (v03.20.90) (cleanly cracked), Clock 07.06.83 (cleanly cracked), Clock: Time Teaching (cleanly cracked), Clowning Around (cleanly cracked), Cloze Thinking (cleanly cracked), Cloze-Plus Level C (cleanly cracked), Cloze-Plus Level D (cleanly cracked), Cloze-Plus Level E (cleanly cracked), Clozed Reading Comprehension (cleanly cracked), College Board 81-82 demo (cleanly cracked), College Explorer 2.0 (cleanly cracked), Colonial Conquest (cleanly cracked), Color Me (Softsmith) (cleanly cracked), Comic Strip Maker (cleanly cracked), Commas (Queue) (cleanly cracked), Communicate and Win (cleanly cracked), Comparing Numbers (cleanly cracked), Compilation - Bolo, Pest Patrol, Bug Battle (cleanly cracked), Compilation - Congo, Thief, Draw Poker (cleanly cracked), Composition Strategy (cleanly cracked), Comprehension (Prescription Learning) (cleanly cracked), Compu-Math Arithmetic Skills (cleanly cracked), Compu-Math v1.3.1 (cleanly cracked), Compu-Spell (version 1.3.1) (cleanly cracked), Computer Air Combat v1.1 (cleanly cracked), Computer Ambush (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Blackboard demo (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Problem Solving for Beginning Algebra (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Problem Solving for Intermediate Algebra (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Problem Solving for Pre-Algebra (cleanly cracked), Computer Baseball (cleanly cracked), Computer Discovery (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Decimals C-2 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Decimals C-3 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Fractions C-2 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Fractions C-3 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Measurement D-1 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Multiplication B (cleanly cracked), Computer Graphing Experiments (cleanly cracked), Computer Quarterback Second Edition (cleanly cracked), Computerized Reading for Aphasics (cleanly cracked), A Treasure Hunt of Facts (cleanly cracked) [4am, Firehawke]
apple2_flop_misc:
- Anti-M (version 1.0), Anti-M (version 1.1), Anti-M (version 1.3) [4am, Firehawke]
- Advanced Demuffin (version 1.5) [Firehawke]
apple2_flop_orig: Apple-oids and Chipout, Arcade Album #1, Arkanoid, The Blade of Blackpoole, BurgerTime, Dig Dug, Escape From Rungistan, Fantavision, The Flockland Island Crisis, Kabul Spy, Lazer Silk, Maze Craze Construction Set, Peeping Tom, The Print Shop Color, Robots of Dawn, Rocky's Boots (version 4.0), Spider Raid, Star Blazer, Star Warrior, Super Bunny, Type Attack, Warp Destroyer, Wizardry III: Legacy of Llylgamyn (version 4, 20-Aug-1983 update), Zaxxon, Zork I: The Great Underground Empire (revision 5) [4am, Firehawke]
arb: Grand Master Series 4.0 [anon]
ekara_pal: e-kara Spain 10-Songs Volume 1, e-kara Spain 10-Songs Volume 2 [ClawGrip, TeamEurope]
fmtowns_cd:
- Enkaiou, Joker Towns, Joshikou Seifuku Monogatari, Yuka Watanabe & Tomo Kawai - Pleasure [redump.org, r09]
- J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II - The Two Towers [Tokugawa Corporate Forums, DamienD]
fmtowns_flop:
- Viewpoint Demonstration No. 1 [David Swanson]
- Dragon Slayer - The Legend of Heroes II, Towns Karaoke V1.1L10 [r09]
ggm: Boris 2.5 / Sargon 2.5 [hap, bataais]
ibm5170: Krusty's Fun House, Michael Jordan in Flight, Sid Meier's Colonization [ArcadeShadow]
icanpian:
- American Idol Take the Stage (K4655), Barbie Princess Enchanted Sounds (J7526), Dora the Explorer Musical Adventure (J7523), Holiday Wonderland (J7528), Pop Hits (K0653) [Sean Riddle, David Haywood]
- The Wizard of Oz - We're Off to Play the Piano (K4654) [Sean Riddle, Peter Wilhelmsen]
intellect02: Chess (4 levels) [hap, Berger]
nes: SimCity (USA, Prototype) [archive.org, AJR]

Software list items promoted to working

pcw: LocoScript Installation Program v3.00a (English), LocoScript Installation Program v3.06b (English), LocoScript v3.06 (UK), LocoScript v4.06 (UK), LocoScript v4.10 (UK), Tomahawk [Edström]

New NOT_WORKING software list additions

3do_m2: Oldsmobile (USA) [redump.org, FakeShemp]
apple2_flop_misc: Anti-M (version 1.2) [4am, Firehawke]
ibm5170: Gilis presentask (Swe) [FakeShemp]
pce_tourvision: F1 Triple Battle (TourVision PCE bootleg) [ClawGrip]
tvgogo: 4-in-1 (Flashcard Fishing, Break a Brick, Balloon Juggling, Penguin Maze), Tennis, Whac-A-Mole [ClawGrip, TeamEurope]
vsmile_cart: Disney/Pixar Up (Spa, Rev. 022), Gimnasio Interactivo V.Smile (Spa) [TeamEurope, Diego Bartolomé, ClawGrip]

Translations added or modified

Chinese (Simplified) [YuiFAN]
Chinese (Traditional) [YuiFAN]
Greek [BraiNKilleRGR]
Portuguese (Brazil) [Wellington Uemura]

Source Changes

statriv2.cpp: Fixed segmentation fault in debugger memory view for sets without question data. [AJR]
amerihok: Added preliminary inputs, coin counters, and basic layout for 7-segment LED scoreboard. [AJR]
Added ROM dumps and skeleton device for UltraStor Ultra 12F ISA ESDI controller. [AJR]
OS X debugger: Update window titles when restoring configuration for disassembly and memory viewers. [AJR]
tumbleb: Drive ADPCM sound through PIC (sound communications not hooked up yet). [AJR]
ron2: Corrected game title based on flyer. [AJR]
pencil2: Connected VDP interrupt. [AJR]
z8: Added register pairs to debug state. [AJR]
m37710: Replaced I/O space with callbacks. [AJR]
nes: Improved MMC5 extended attributes, use MMC5 ExRAM byte from nametable area to select palette bank. [AJR]
ppu2c0x: Fixed order of nametable/attribute reads. [AJR]
wy75: Added default EAROM content to avoid hanging at start. [AJR]
er1400: Added ability to load default data from region, and changed erase value to all zeroes. [AJR]
upd765: Improved drive selection logic: [AJR]
- Deselect drives upon reset, or select drive 0 for older controllers with multiplexed select lines.
- Deselect other floppies when using set_floppy.
specpls3: Mirror floppy drive select lines (fixes Batman: The Movie). [AJR]
rd100: Added LCD controller and working display. [AJR]
cmi2x: Split off keyboards as subdevices. [AJR]
scc68070: Merged CPU device with on-chip peripheral emulation, and added internal clock divider. [AJR]
- Also added crude hacks to force status bits in unemulated UART and I²C peripherals.
hd63450: Improved accuracy of IRQ handling, and tidied up interface. [AJR]
funworld.cpp: Added support for custom CPUs’ opcode decryption. [Andreas Naive]
Removed unnecessary read/write handler arguments, improved member names, and updated comments in many devices and drivers. [cam900]
ymf278b.cpp: Added DO1 and DO2 outputs, and fixed timebuffer when clock is changed. [cam900]
cps3.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Reduced some gaps in zoomed sprites, and restricted drawing to clipping rectangle.
- Reduced duplication, improved member names, and cleaned up code.
tc0480scp.cpp: Cleaned up and simplified read/write handlers. [cam900]
devices/sound/gaelco.cpp: Converted data access to device_rom_interface, and made pitch a function of clock frequency. [cam900]
gaelco2.cpp: Corrected some crystal values, and added notes. [cam900]
tecmo_spr.cpp: Replaced gfx_element with gfxdecode_device, and reduced unnecessary code. [cam900]
- Also changed some variables to more appropriate types.
kaneko_tmap.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Added address map for video RAM handling.
- Moved expro02.cpp bank switching code into the driver.
- Reduced code duplication.
expro02.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups. [cam900]
kaneko16.cpp: Converted berwall to mono sound, reduced runtime tag map lookups, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
actfancr.cpp: Simplified graphics decoding and cleaned up code. [cam900]
deco16ic.cpp: Move cninja transparency mask function into the driver. [cam900]
crospang.cpp: Moved alternate graphics layout into graphics decoding, and made most state class members private. [cam900]
oneshot.cpp: Simplified graphics decoding, reduced runtime tag map lookups, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
emupal.cpp: Removed MCFG_ macros. [cam900]
vrc6.cpp: Implemented master frequency register, fixed duty cycles, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
devices/bus/nes/konami.cpp: Fixed vrc6 sound volume. [cam900]
Added Namco 163 sound emulation, used by some Famicom cartridges. [cam900]
c6280.cpp: Fixed LFO frequency behavior, fixed LFO enable bit, and implemented LFO reset bit. [cam900]
devices/bus/nes/mmc5.cpp: Corrected sound behavior and fixed sound volume. [cam900]
itech32.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
skimaxx.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, added save state support, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
k054321.cpp: Added synchronizing handlers for communication between main and sound CPUs (used by prmrsocr in tmnt.cpp). [cam900]
devices/machine/watchdog.cpp: Simplified handlers, and reduced watchdog handler trampolines. [cam900]
simpl156.cpp: Simplified graphics decoding, reduced code duplication, and corrected sound clocks. [cam900]
snk68.cpp: Moved pow and searchar to a derived state class, reduced runtime tag map lookups, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
snk68_spr.cpp: Changed flip screen state member to bool. [cam900]
psikyosh.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Restricted tilemap drawing to clipping rectangle, and fixed tilemap size when per-line effects are enabled.
- Added separate address map for games with mahjong controller input.
- Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and cleaned up code.
m72.cpp: Fixed audio sample rate for M72 PCBs, fixed DAC volume, and added notes. [cam900]
decbac06.cpp: Removed hard-coded parameters that come from graphics elements, and restricted drawing to clipping rectangle. [cam900]
raiden2.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Fixed xsedae configuration (runs on modified Zero Team hardware).
- Moved video functions to video/raiden2.cpp.
- Reduced runtime tag map lookups, made state class members protected or private where appropriate, and cleaned up code.
r2dx_v33.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and reduced redundancy with raiden2.cpp. [cam900]
vgmplay.cpp: Added volume modifier support, and scaled volume according to the number of sound chips used by file. [cam900]
leland.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
audio/leland.cpp: Removed hard-coded tags for ROM region and host CPU. [cam900]
psikyo4.cpp: Fixed FM output when used. [cam900]
n2a03.cpp: Added device_mixer_interface rather than routing audio to hard-coded speakers. [cam900]
tc0100scn.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Internalized text graphics.
- Restricted drawing to clipping rectangle.
- Moved taito_f2.cpp banking code into driver.
- Allowed masked priority behavior.
- Reduced redundancy and cleaned up code.
tc0480scp.cpp: Internalized text graphics, reduced code duplication, and removed unnecessary pointers and functions. [cam900]
emupal.cpp: Added xBGRBBBBGGGGRRRR format. [cam900]
deniam.cpp: Fixed screen freezing behaviour, reduced runtime tag map lookups, cleaned up code, and added notes. [cam900]
audio/m72.cpp: Remove hard-coded tags, converted sample ROM access to device_rom_interface, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
aica.cpp, aicadsp.cpp: Converted PCM/DSP memory access to device_rom_interface, added save state support, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
hotblock.cpp: Converted video banking to address_bank_map_device, and removed MCFG_ macros. [cam900]
z80pio.cpp: Reduced code duplication. [cam900]
ginganin.cpp: Simplified graphics layouts, reduced runtime tag lookups, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
snes_snd.cpp: Added input clock, implemented device_clock_changed, cleaned up code, and added notes. [cam900]
ms32.cpp: Add notes. [cam900]
k053260.cpp: Cleaned up code. [cam900]
deco146.cpp: Suppressed side effects for debugger, reduced redundancy, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
pgm.cpp: Implemented some inputs, and improved naming. [cam900]
pgmprot_igs027a_type1.cpp: Added inputs for CAVE PCB. [cam900]
qs1000.cpp: Moved imperfect sound flag from drivers to device. [cam900]
Netlist library updates: [Couriersud]
- Added a MOSFET model, inclusion Meyer capacitance.
- Added a charge-conserving capacitor model, as an alternative to the constant-capacity model.
- Started putting constants in a central place.
- Fixed a rounding issue in the ptime code.
- Added a global parameter to disable semiconductor capacitance modelling.
- Added an operational amplifier model that ignores output voltage limits.
- Changed MB3614 operational amplifier parameters to match the data sheet.
- Added VARCLOCK, allowing step size to be calculated using a function.
- Added trunc to pfunction.
- Added opamp_amplification_curve example, which calculates op-amp gain as a function of frequency.
- Improved LM3900 voltage clamping model, and aligned pin names with other operational amplifiers.
- Added a high-precision LM3900 model, and an improved high-performance LM3900 model.
- Added more SPICE elements to the conversion code.
- Fixed current source handling when converting SPICE nets.
- Added validation for netlist devices.
- Improved scalability of error messages.
m62.cpp: Fixed kidniki netlist, based on corrections in kungfum schematics and an apparent omission. [Couriersud]
zaccaria.cpp sound improvements: [Couriersud]
- Routed speech and DAC through netlist filtering, and fixed AY8910 interfacing.
- Hooked up potentiometers so they can be adjusted.
- Added frontiers to netlist to improve performance.
mario: Fixed an error in schematics that became obvious with the improved LM3900 model. [Couriersud, Tafoid]
spg110 updates: [David Haywood]
- Split more functionality into separate devices.
- Improved rendering and sprites, and implemented manual video RAM uploads.
- Added basic audio.
wc90b.cpp: Tidied up a little. [David Haywood]
pengo.cpp: Added preliminary partial decryption for schick. [David Haywood]
Moved SunPlus GC394 systems out of vii.cpp (it’s a newer sytem-on-a-chip with more capabilities). [David Haywood]
32x.xml: Fixed pinochio ROM loading. [David Haywood]
mgames.cpp: Cleaned up palette and graphics decoding layout, and converted drawing to use tilemap system. [Dirk Best]
ltcasino.cpp updates: [Dirk Best]
- Hooked up the two 6821 PIAs, hooked up CRT5037, corrected RAM size, and defined clocks in terms of 18 MHz crystal.
- Cleaned up inputs, added DIP switch descriptions and locations, and documented service mode.
- Added output ports, and hooked up coin counter and lamps.
- Added simple internal artwork with clickable buttons and color overlays based on a flyer.
- Added non-volatile RAM, and updated ROM labels and notes.
tms9927.cpp: Allow visible area to be hard-coded at configuration time. [Dirk Best]
akkaarrh.cpp: Added coin counters, lamp outputs, and a test view showing the lamps. [Dirk Best]
Amstrad PCW driver updates: [Edström]
- Corrected floppy drive types for each machine.
- Derived clock from crystal value, and slowed down the CPU to approximate the effect of video hardware accessing RAM.
- Improved logging and converted to use logmacro.h utilities.
- Fixed printer and monitor palettes, and made a simpler layout the default.
dsk_dsk.cpp, hxchfe_dsk.cpp: Report a non-fatal warning for images with a small number of excess tracks. [Edström]
pcw.xml: Corrected metadata and added notes on dumps with excess tracks. [Edström]
sms, nes: Obtain pixel intensity for light gun from screen device rather than accessing VDP/PPU bitmap. [Enik Land]
sms.cpp: Set initial stack pointer for Game Gear, required by Ecco (fixes MT07255). [Enik Land]
m68kmmu: Fixed ATC entry calculation error that was crashing Domain/OS. [Hans Ostermeyer]
apollo: Removed deprecated debug reference. [Hans Ostermeyer]
z80ctc.cpp: Guard against integer overflow when calculating remaining time with configured input clock frequencies. [Justin Kerk]
Fixed support for multiple light guns with X11 XInput. [Kiall Mac Innes]
Fixed YM2608/YM2610 ADPCM-A overflow behavior (should wrap rather than saturating). [Lord Nightmare, madbr]
ymz774: Replaced volume table with calculation loop. [MetalliC]
tms99xx updates: [Michael Zapf]
- Fixed LDCSTCR handling of register indirect auto-increment mode (*Rx+) and modernized logging.
- Fixed minimum/maximum clock cycles per instruction.
- Changed set address method signature to work better with memory maps.
ti99 updates: [Michael Zapf]
- Fixed TI FDC in Geneve losing SIDSEL signal when no drive is selected, and removed redundant variables.
- Fixed 99/4p regression where wrong CRU addresses are used when accessing peribox/evpc.
coco: Fixed loading Orchestra-90, RS-232 Program Pak, and Modem Pak from software list (fixes MT05291). [Nigel Barnes]
m68000: Made CPU space an address space and made vectored interrupts use it. [O. Galibert]
- Also made it possible to disable the interrupt priority encoder behaviour in the CPU core.
emumem: Removed obsolete alignement limit. [O. Galibert]
emumem_mud: Corrected start/end for big endian spaces. [O. Galibert]
pic8259.cpp: Suppress side effects of debugger reads. [O. Galibert]
Added skeleton Yamaha DSPV and SWP20 devices. [O. Galibert]
ymmu100.cpp: Extracted LCD as a separate device. [O. Galibert]
Annotated all uses of set_input_line_vector with CPU type. [O. Galibert]
pcat101: Connected key matrix and ports. [Patrick Mackinlay]
3c505: Added low-level emulation. [Patrick Mackinlay, Neko May]
m68705: Added more HMOS variants. [Patrick Mackinlay]
nscsi_cd: Added support for mode page 0x01, allowing Apple II SCSI Card to access CD-ROMs. [R. Belmont]
apple2: Attach a SCSI CD-ROM to the Apple II SCSI Card by default. [R. Belmont]
apple2: Documented FocusDrive/ZIPDrive partition information format, and fixed it so it works. [R. Belmont]
mac: Demoted all Macs to NOT_WORKING until we get a working VIA6522 emulator. [R. Belmont]
k2000: Hooked up RAM/ROM switch – now starts to boot. [R. Belmont]
aim65: Modernised code, fixed cassette, added TTY, and added printer display. [Robbbert]
funworld.cpp updates: [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
- Improved game descriptions, and expanded notes.
- Improved memory maps, added default non-volatile RAM contents for some games, fixed ROM loading, and re-worked inputs.
- Improved tilemaps, fixed graphics planes, and improved palettes.
- Added I²C serial EEPROM and removed PIAs for Saloon/Nevada.
- Added PLD dumps for pool10e and marked jokercrd graphics ROM IC10 as a bad dump.
- Split and mirrored attribute/color RAM, fixed AY8910 hook-up, fixed video RAM offset, and fixed AY8910 hook-up for intrgmes.
- Changed CPU to 65SC02, added periodic interrupts, and patched out some hardware checks for intrgmes.
- Changed CPU to R65C02, added PIA mirroring, and added a ROM patch to force NOP after BRK for royalcrdf.
Further funworld.cpp updates: [Roberto Fresca]
- Fixed palette banking, graphics ROM loading, memory map and video RAM offsets for royalcrdf.
- Added default non-volatile RAM contents for rcdino4 and jolycdig.
- Marked royalcrdc graphics ROM IC26 as a bad dump.
- Added button lamps for jolycdig and jolycdab.
- Changed “Austrian” to “German” in all game descriptions, and expanded notes.
- Replaced royalcrdc bad graphics ROM dump with corresponding dump from parent set, and removed imperfect graphics flag.
funworld.cpp: Used a custom device to re-dump faulty graphics ROM for jokercrd, allowing game to be promoted to fully working. [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Gaby]
unsp: Fixed signed multiplication in recompiler (fixes controls in jak_pooh). [Ryan Holtz]
sgi_mc: Fixed pixel VDMA interrupts (fixes pixel DMA warnings in IRIX 5.3). [Ryan Holtz]
newport: Added support for dithering and 4 bits per pixel RGB frame buffer display, and fixed shaded rendering mode. [Ryan Holtz]
Added ability to throttle IDE hard disk DMA transfer speed (fixes MT07242). [Ted Green]
midzeus.cpp: Fixed interrupt regression that was causing low frame rates in thegrid. [Ted Green]
zx8301.cpp: Improved flash behavior so colors match a real QL. [vilcans]
crystal.cpp: Dumped alternate Crystal System BIOS. [ack]
galaxian.cpp: Corrected ROM names for moonwara, and corrected the color BPROM. [Andrew Welburn, The Dumping Union]
oneshot.cpp: Add PCB layout for Mad Donna, and various notes for One Shot One Kill. [Brian Troha]
toaplan1.cpp: Corrected coinage DIP switch settings for Jiao! Jiao! Jiao! (China, 2P set). [Brian Troha]
tumbleb.cpp: Dumped PIC microcontroller for funkyjetb. [Caps0ff, ClawGrip, The Dumping Union]
seibucpbl.cpp: Updated ROM locations for cupsocsb2, and used measured clocks for Seibu Cup Soccer bootleg sets. [f205v]
gba.xml: Added additional cartridge information from No-Intro. [FakeShemp]
aha1542b: Added 3.1b BIOS. [Funet Archive]
namcos2.cpp: Updated PCB locations for data ROMs. [Guru]
m72.cpp: Re-dumped I80C31 external ROM for imgfightb. [hammy]
aristmk5.cpp: Updated internal layouts based on a few photos of the button labels. [Heihachi_73]
isa_hercules: Added dump of Mazovia Polish alternate character set. [MCbx Old Computer Collection]
Added skeleton device for UltraStor Ultra-14F SCSI controller. [Metropoli BBS Archive]
Added skeleton device for UltraStor Ultra-24F EISA SCSI controller. [Metropoli BBS Archive]
Added skeleton devices for Tekram EISA SCSI controllers. [Metropoli BBS Archive, I-Shou University File Server]
galaxold.cpp: Dumped PROM for and confirmed chip types for scramb3. [Porchy, The Dumping Union]
europc.cpp: Added BIOS v1.02 to euroxt. [rfka01]
genpc.cpp: Added several additional BIOS options. [rfka01]
compc.cpp: Added BIOS v2.01 to compc10. [rfka01]
Added notes about SunPlus dies and which systems use them. [Sean Riddle]
icanpian.xml: Added additional information about cartridges and release codes. [Sean Riddle, ClawGrip]
sms.xml: Corrected ROM label for worldgp. [TeamEurope, ICEknight, ClawGrip]

Please tell us your ideas for the upcoming project-based algorithms section of freeCodeCamp.org

Unofficial Breaking Grounds Robotics FAQ [Frequently updated]

MAME 0.209

MAMETesters Bugs Fixed

03122: [DIP/Input] (ltcasino.cpp) mv4in1, ltcasino, ltcasinn: Service Mode DIP switch does not work. (Dirk Best)
05291: [Sound] (coco3.cpp) All drivers in coco.c: ORC90 emulation has no sound output. (Nigel Barnes)
03130: [Graphics] (ccastles.cpp) ccastles: Reported screen resolution is incorrect. (Dirk Best)
07075: [Sound] (m72.cpp) hharry: Victory scream is too low compared to previous mame releases and arcade PCB. (cam900)
07242: [Crash/Freeze] (vegas.cpp) sf2049: Game freezes in attract mode. (Ted Green)
07255: [Crash/Freeze] (sms.cpp) gamegear [ecco]: Game Gear ROM Ecco freezes on a pink/purple screen. (Enik Land)
07265: [DIP/Input] (tsamurai.cpp) tsamuraih: Lives DIP switch settings are incorrect. (chaneman)
07266: [Sound] (snk6502.cpp) sasuke: Initial game music plays partially or not at all after hitting Start. (Ivan Vangelista)
07270: [Crash/Freeze] (cps1.cpp) sf2ceea: Debugger crashes when accessing memory under certain conditions. (hap)
07272: [Documentation] (spg110.cpp) jak_spdmo: In the description the letter “W” is missing in the word “hardware”. (Tafoid)
07275: [Core] Weird pacing issue on Windows. (hap)
07279: [Crash/Freeze] (amstrad.cpp) cpc6128: Loading disk images with exess tracks causes a fatal error. (Edström)
07281: [DIP/Input] (pocketc.cpp) pc1401, pc1402: Inputs are mapped incorrectly. (Robbbert)
07282: [Crash/Freeze] (alphatro.cpp) alphatro: After “width 80” entered, MAME freezes. (AJR)

New working machines

Akka Arrh (prototype) [Aaron Giles, The Dumping Union]
Applied Concepts Great Game Machine [hap, bataais]
Bonus Poker [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Computer Chess (Conic) [hap, Sean Riddle]
Fidelity Electronics Chess Challenger 3 [hap, Berger, Sean Riddle]
Fun World Quiz (German, 12-11-1990) [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Fun World Quiz (German, 27-04-1990) [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Game & Watch: Popeye (wide screen) [Henrik Algestam]
Game & Watch: Zelda [Henrik Algestam]
Invader (Gakken, cyan version) [hap, Sean Riddle, hydef]
Kuzmich-Egorych [shattered]
Name That Tune (Castle Toy) [hap, Sean Riddle]
Nevada (French, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]

New working clones

Applied Concepts Boris (rev. 01) [Sean Riddle]
ARB V2 Sargon 4.0 [anon]
Casino Poker (Ver PM86-35-1, German) [Roberto Fresca, TeamEurope]
Dock Man (set 2) [Andrew Welburn, The Dumping Union]
Dock Man (set 3) [Andrew Welburn, The Dumping Union]
Empire City: 1931 (France) [Fabrice Arzeno, The Dumping Union]
Euro League (Gaelco bootleg, Modular System) [ClawGrip, David Haywood]
Fidelity Electronics Chess Challenger 7 (model CC7) [Sean Riddle]
Little Casino II v18.1 [Andrew Welburn, The Dumped Union]
Novag Super Expert (version B, model 886) [Berger]
Novag Super Forte (version A, set 3) [Berger]
Street Heat (set 2, older?) [chaneman]
Super Bobble Bobble (bootleg, set 5) [Lorenzo Mancini]

Machines promoted to working

Joker Card (Inter Games) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Joker Card 300 (Ver.A267BC, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive, Gaby]
Mega Card (Ver.0210, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive]
Multi Win (Ver.0167, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive]
Power Card (Ver 0263, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Andreas Naive]
Saloon (French, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Tripple Draw (V3.1 s) [Ivan Vangelista]

Clones promoted to working

Dragon World (Korea, V040K) [Ivan Vangelista]
Jolly Card (German, Fun World, bootleg) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Jolly Card (Italian, bootleg, set 2) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Royal Card (Evona, Polish, encrypted) [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
Wonder Boy (system 2, set 2, 315-5176) [Ivan Vangelista]

New machines marked as NOT_WORKING

Bikkuri Pro Wrestling (Japan 881221, Ver 1.05) [ShouTime, Dane Biegert, Evan Korzon, Russell Howard, Jeroen Bijl, Jeffrey Gray, Smitdogg, The Dumping Union]
Centipede / Millipede / Missile Command (rev 1.03) [chaneman, R. Belmont]
Ericsson 9161 Display Processor Unit [MCbx Old Computer Collection]
Husky Computers Ltd Hunter 16 [Barry Rodewald, rfka01, TeamEurope]
Multi-Action 6710-13 [Brian Troha, The Dumping Union]
Multi-Action 7551 [Brian Troha, The Dumping Union]
Multi-Action 7556 [Brian Troha, The Dumping Union]
Panther Darts [jordigahan, ClawGrip, The Dumping Union]
Toyquest TV Go Go [ClawGrip, TeamEurope]
Trivial Pursuit (Volumen V, Spanish, Maibesa hardware) [Retro Sevilla, Diego Bartolomé, Recreativas.org, ClawGrip]
Yamaha MU50 [R. Belmont, O. Galibert]

New clones marked as NOT_WORKING

Amstrad plc PCW9512 [Edström]
CompuAdd 810 [rfka01]
Dr. Dude (LU-1) Europe [PinMAME]
Elvira and the Party Monsters (LF-1) French [PinMAME]
Gilligan's Island (L-8) [PinMAME]
Husky Computers Ltd Hunter 16/80 [Barry Rodewald, rfka01, TeamEurope]
Hyosung Topstar 88T [rfka01]
Image Fight (Japan, bootleg) [hammy, The Dumping Union]
JUKO NEST 8086 and V30 [rfka01]
Kaypro Corporation PC [rfka01]
Kyocera XT [rfka01]
Last Action Hero (1.06 Canada) [Matt Morin]

New working software list additions

apple2_flop_clcracked: Adjectives (cleanly cracked), Adjectives (version 06.29.84) (cleanly cracked), Agenda Files (cleanly cracked), Air Nav Workshop (cleanly cracked), Air Raid Pearl Harbor (cleanly cracked), Air Traffic Controller (cleanly cracked), Alaska (cleanly cracked), Alfred's Basic Band Computer Tutor (cleanly cracked), Alge-Blaster (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 1 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 1 v1.3 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 2 v1.1 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 3 v1.2 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 4 v1.0 (Edu-Ware) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 5 v1.2 (Peachtree) (cleanly cracked), Algebra Volume 6 v1.2 (Peachtree) (cleanly cracked), Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (cleanly cracked), Alice in LogoLand (cleanly cracked), Alice in Wonderland rev. 2 (cleanly cracked), Alien Addition 1982.0 (cleanly cracked), Alien Addition 1985 (cleanly cracked), Alien Addition revision 2 (cleanly cracked), All About America (cleanly cracked), All About Purim (cleanly cracked), Alligator Alley (cleanly cracked), Alligator Mix (cleanly cracked), Alligator Mix 1982.0 (cleanly cracked), Alligators and Crocodiles (cleanly cracked), Alphabet Beasts and Company (cleanly cracked), Alphabetic Keyboarding Volume 1 (cleanly cracked), Alphabetic Keyboarding Volume 2 (cleanly cracked), Alphabetical Order (cleanly cracked), Alphabetization Sequence (cleanly cracked), Alphabetizing - Blue Level (cleanly cracked), Alpine Tram Ride (cleanly cracked), Alter Ego (female version) (cleanly cracked), Alter Ego (male version) (cleanly cracked), America Coast to Coast (cleanly cracked), American Government (Intellectual Software) (cleanly cracked), American Government (Micro Learningware) (cleanly cracked), American History Achievement IV: World War II - Present (cleanly cracked), Analogies Tutorial (cleanly cracked), Ancient Legends (cleanly cracked), Animal Homes and Stories (cleanly cracked), Animal Hotel (cleanly cracked), Animal Survival for Echo Voice System (cleanly cracked), Animal Survival for Ufonic Voice System (cleanly cracked), Animate (cleanly cracked), Ankh (cleanly cracked), Antonym Antics (cleanly cracked), Antonyms/Synonyms 1 (cleanly cracked), Antonyms/Synonyms 2 v05.25.87 (cleanly cracked), Aphasia I (cleanly cracked), Aphasia II - Opposites and Similarities (cleanly cracked), Aphasia III (cleanly cracked), Aphasia IV (cleanly cracked), Apple Cider Spider (cleanly cracked), Apple II Test Disk (cleanly cracked), AppleWriter ][ (cleanly cracked), Apventure to Atlantis (cleanly cracked), Aquatron (cleanly cracked), Arcade Boot Camp (cleanly cracked), Archon (cleanly cracked), Archon II - Adept (cleanly cracked), ARCO Computer Preparation for the SAT (cleanly cracked), Arcticfox (cleanly cracked), Ardy the Aardvark (cleanly cracked), Arena (cleanly cracked), Argos (cleanly cracked), Association Pictures (cleanly cracked), Audio Visual Inventory (cleanly cracked), Audubon Grizzly Bears - Wildlife Adventures (cleanly cracked), Autoduel (cleanly cracked), Axis Assassin (cleanly cracked), Back in Time (cleanly cracked), Bad Dudes (cleanly cracked), Bake & Taste (cleanly cracked), Bank Street StoryBook (cleanly cracked), Bank Street StoryBook 1.1 (cleanly cracked), Bank Street Writer II (cleanly cracked), Banner Books - All Along The Alphabet (cleanly cracked), Banner Books - Your School Day (cleanly cracked), Bannercatch (cleanly cracked), Baron (version 2.1) (cleanly cracked), Basic Biology (version 1.02) (cleanly cracked), Basic Division Facts (cleanly cracked), Basic Division Facts: Dividends to 25 - Factors to 5 (cleanly cracked), Basic Division Facts: Dividends to 81 - Factors to 9 (cleanly cracked), Basic Drafting: Review and Testmaker (version 3.0) (cleanly cracked), Basic Electricity (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Atomic Theory (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Electronic Fundamentals (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Electronic Math (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Electronic Prefixes, Symbols, and Components (cleanly cracked), Basic Electronics: Fundamentals of DC Circuitry (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Competency Skill Building: Decimals (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Facts and Games (1981 release) (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Facts and Games (1983 re-release) (cleanly cracked), Basic Math Flash Facts (cleanly cracked), Basic Multiplication Facts (cleanly cracked), Basic Vocabulary Builder - Spanish (cleanly cracked), Battalion Commander (cleanly cracked), Battle Cruiser (cleanly cracked), Battle For Normandy (cleanly cracked), Battle Group (cleanly cracked), Battle of Antietam (version 1.5) (cleanly cracked), Battling Bugs and Concentraction (cleanly cracked), BC's Quest For Tires (cleanly cracked), Behind the Wheel, Blue Level (cleanly cracked), Bellhop (cleanly cracked), Below the Root (cleanly cracked), Berserker Raids (cleanly cracked), Bible Baseball (cleanly cracked), Bible Discovery (cleanly cracked), Big Book Maker: Favorite Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes (cleanly cracked), Big Book Maker: Tall Tales and American Folk Heroes (cleanly cracked), Big Red Mania (cleanly cracked), Bike Hike (cleanly cracked), Bingo Bugglebee Presents Famous People (cleanly cracked), Bingo Bugglebee Presents Home Alone (cleanly cracked), Bingo Bugglebee Presents Outdoor Safety (cleanly cracked), Biology Achievement II: Reproduction and Development (cleanly cracked), Biomes (cleanly cracked), Birds (cleanly cracked), Blockers and Finders (cleanly cracked), Blue Powder Grey Smoke (cleanly cracked), Bolo (cleanly cracked), Bomb Alley (cleanly cracked), Borrowed Time (cleanly cracked), Boulder Dash (cleanly cracked), Boulderdash Construction Kit (cleanly cracked), Bouncing Kamungas (cleanly cracked), Box Introduces Addition (cleanly cracked), Bridge Baron II (cleanly cracked), Building Compounds (cleanly cracked), Building Reading Skills (version 85-02) (cleanly cracked), Building With Vowels (cleanly cracked), Bulletin Board Maker: City and Country (cleanly cracked), Bulletin Board Maker: Your Neighborhood (cleanly cracked), Bumble Plot (1982) (cleanly cracked), Bumble Plot (version 1.2) (cleanly cracked), C'est La Vie (cleanly cracked), Calendar Skills v08.31.86 (cleanly cracked), Cannonball Blitz (cleanly cracked), Capitalization (cleanly cracked), Capitalization (version 1.5) (cleanly cracked), Capitalization Practice (cleanly cracked), Capitalization Test (version 01.29.87) (cleanly cracked), Car Builder (cleanly cracked), Car Builder (revision 2) (cleanly cracked), Car Builder (revision 3) (cleanly cracked), Carrier Force (cleanly cracked), Cartels and Cutthroats (cleanly cracked), Case of the Great Train Robbery: Fact and Opinion (cleanly cracked), Case of the Missing Chick: Finding The Main Idea (cleanly cracked), Castle Wolfenstein (cleanly cracked), Cat 'n Mouse (revision 2) (cleanly cracked), Cat 'n Mouse (revision 3) (cleanly cracked), Catch a Falling Star: Dolphin Math Games (cleanly cracked), Categorizing: Detective Games (cleanly cracked), Catlab (version 2.0) (cleanly cracked), Cats and Kittens (cleanly cracked), Cause and Effect (version 12.14.87) (cleanly cracked), Cause and Effect: What Makes It Happen (cleanly cracked), Centauri Alliance (cleanly cracked), Challenge Sentence Combining (cleanly cracked), Championship Baseball (cleanly cracked), Championship Golf (cleanly cracked), Changing Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers (cleanly cracked), Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions (cleanly cracked), Chariots, Cougars, and Kings (cleanly cracked), Chemistry Achievement I - Mathematics of Chemistry (cleanly cracked), Chivalry (cleanly cracked), Circus Subtraction (cleanly cracked), City and Country Opposites (cleanly cracked), Clock (v03.20.90) (cleanly cracked), Clock 07.06.83 (cleanly cracked), Clock: Time Teaching (cleanly cracked), Clowning Around (cleanly cracked), Cloze Thinking (cleanly cracked), Cloze-Plus Level C (cleanly cracked), Cloze-Plus Level D (cleanly cracked), Cloze-Plus Level E (cleanly cracked), Clozed Reading Comprehension (cleanly cracked), College Board 81-82 demo (cleanly cracked), College Explorer 2.0 (cleanly cracked), Colonial Conquest (cleanly cracked), Color Me (Softsmith) (cleanly cracked), Comic Strip Maker (cleanly cracked), Commas (Queue) (cleanly cracked), Communicate and Win (cleanly cracked), Comparing Numbers (cleanly cracked), Compilation - Bolo, Pest Patrol, Bug Battle (cleanly cracked), Compilation - Congo, Thief, Draw Poker (cleanly cracked), Composition Strategy (cleanly cracked), Comprehension (Prescription Learning) (cleanly cracked), Compu-Math Arithmetic Skills (cleanly cracked), Compu-Math v1.3.1 (cleanly cracked), Compu-Spell (version 1.3.1) (cleanly cracked), Computer Air Combat v1.1 (cleanly cracked), Computer Ambush (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Blackboard demo (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Problem Solving for Beginning Algebra (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Problem Solving for Intermediate Algebra (cleanly cracked), Computer Assisted Problem Solving for Pre-Algebra (cleanly cracked), Computer Baseball (cleanly cracked), Computer Discovery (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Decimals C-2 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Decimals C-3 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Fractions C-2 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Fractions C-3 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Measurement D-1 (cleanly cracked), Computer Drill and Instruction - Multiplication B (cleanly cracked), Computer Graphing Experiments (cleanly cracked), Computer Quarterback Second Edition (cleanly cracked), Computerized Reading for Aphasics (cleanly cracked), A Treasure Hunt of Facts (cleanly cracked) [4am, Firehawke]
apple2_flop_misc:
- Anti-M (version 1.0), Anti-M (version 1.1), Anti-M (version 1.3) [4am, Firehawke]
- Advanced Demuffin (version 1.5) [Firehawke]
apple2_flop_orig: Apple-oids and Chipout, Arcade Album #1, Arkanoid, The Blade of Blackpoole, BurgerTime, Dig Dug, Escape From Rungistan, Fantavision, The Flockland Island Crisis, Kabul Spy, Lazer Silk, Maze Craze Construction Set, Peeping Tom, The Print Shop Color, Robots of Dawn, Rocky's Boots (version 4.0), Spider Raid, Star Blazer, Star Warrior, Super Bunny, Type Attack, Warp Destroyer, Wizardry III: Legacy of Llylgamyn (version 4, 20-Aug-1983 update), Zaxxon, Zork I: The Great Underground Empire (revision 5) [4am, Firehawke]
arb: Grand Master Series 4.0 [anon]
ekara_pal: e-kara Spain 10-Songs Volume 1, e-kara Spain 10-Songs Volume 2 [ClawGrip, TeamEurope]
fmtowns_cd:
- Enkaiou, Joker Towns, Joshikou Seifuku Monogatari, Yuka Watanabe & Tomo Kawai - Pleasure [redump.org, r09]
- J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II - The Two Towers [Tokugawa Corporate Forums, DamienD]
fmtowns_flop:
- Viewpoint Demonstration No. 1 [David Swanson]
- Dragon Slayer - The Legend of Heroes II, Towns Karaoke V1.1L10 [r09]
ggm: Boris 2.5 / Sargon 2.5 [hap, bataais]
ibm5170: Krusty's Fun House, Michael Jordan in Flight, Sid Meier's Colonization [ArcadeShadow]
icanpian:
- American Idol Take the Stage (K4655), Barbie Princess Enchanted Sounds (J7526), Dora the Explorer Musical Adventure (J7523), Holiday Wonderland (J7528), Pop Hits (K0653) [Sean Riddle, David Haywood]
- The Wizard of Oz - We're Off to Play the Piano (K4654) [Sean Riddle, Peter Wilhelmsen]
intellect02: Chess (4 levels) [hap, Berger]
nes: SimCity (USA, Prototype) [archive.org, AJR]

Software list items promoted to working

pcw: LocoScript Installation Program v3.00a (English), LocoScript Installation Program v3.06b (English), LocoScript v3.06 (UK), LocoScript v4.06 (UK), LocoScript v4.10 (UK), Tomahawk [Edström]

New NOT_WORKING software list additions

3do_m2: Oldsmobile (USA) [redump.org, FakeShemp]
apple2_flop_misc: Anti-M (version 1.2) [4am, Firehawke]
ibm5170: Gilis presentask (Swe) [FakeShemp]
pce_tourvision: F1 Triple Battle (TourVision PCE bootleg) [ClawGrip]
tvgogo: 4-in-1 (Flashcard Fishing, Break a Brick, Balloon Juggling, Penguin Maze), Tennis, Whac-A-Mole [ClawGrip, TeamEurope]
vsmile_cart: Disney/Pixar Up (Spa, Rev. 022), Gimnasio Interactivo V.Smile (Spa) [TeamEurope, Diego Bartolomé, ClawGrip]

Translations added or modified

Chinese (Simplified) [YuiFAN]
Chinese (Traditional) [YuiFAN]
Greek [BraiNKilleRGR]
Portuguese (Brazil) [Wellington Uemura]

Source Changes

statriv2.cpp: Fixed segmentation fault in debugger memory view for sets without question data. [AJR]
amerihok: Added preliminary inputs, coin counters, and basic layout for 7-segment LED scoreboard. [AJR]
Added ROM dumps and skeleton device for UltraStor Ultra 12F ISA ESDI controller. [AJR]
OS X debugger: Update window titles when restoring configuration for disassembly and memory viewers. [AJR]
tumbleb: Drive ADPCM sound through PIC (sound communications not hooked up yet). [AJR]
ron2: Corrected game title based on flyer. [AJR]
pencil2: Connected VDP interrupt. [AJR]
z8: Added register pairs to debug state. [AJR]
m37710: Replaced I/O space with callbacks. [AJR]
nes: Improved MMC5 extended attributes, use MMC5 ExRAM byte from nametable area to select palette bank. [AJR]
ppu2c0x: Fixed order of nametable/attribute reads. [AJR]
wy75: Added default EAROM content to avoid hanging at start. [AJR]
er1400: Added ability to load default data from region, and changed erase value to all zeroes. [AJR]
upd765: Improved drive selection logic: [AJR]
- Deselect drives upon reset, or select drive 0 for older controllers with multiplexed select lines.
- Deselect other floppies when using set_floppy.
specpls3: Mirror floppy drive select lines (fixes Batman: The Movie). [AJR]
rd100: Added LCD controller and working display. [AJR]
cmi2x: Split off keyboards as subdevices. [AJR]
scc68070: Merged CPU device with on-chip peripheral emulation, and added internal clock divider. [AJR]
- Also added crude hacks to force status bits in unemulated UART and I²C peripherals.
hd63450: Improved accuracy of IRQ handling, and tidied up interface. [AJR]
funworld.cpp: Added support for custom CPUs’ opcode decryption. [Andreas Naive]
Removed unnecessary read/write handler arguments, improved member names, and updated comments in many devices and drivers. [cam900]
ymf278b.cpp: Added DO1 and DO2 outputs, and fixed timebuffer when clock is changed. [cam900]
cps3.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Reduced some gaps in zoomed sprites, and restricted drawing to clipping rectangle.
- Reduced duplication, improved member names, and cleaned up code.
tc0480scp.cpp: Cleaned up and simplified read/write handlers. [cam900]
devices/sound/gaelco.cpp: Converted data access to device_rom_interface, and made pitch a function of clock frequency. [cam900]
gaelco2.cpp: Corrected some crystal values, and added notes. [cam900]
tecmo_spr.cpp: Replaced gfx_element with gfxdecode_device, and reduced unnecessary code. [cam900]
- Also changed some variables to more appropriate types.
kaneko_tmap.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Added address map for video RAM handling.
- Moved expro02.cpp bank switching code into the driver.
- Reduced code duplication.
expro02.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups. [cam900]
kaneko16.cpp: Converted berwall to mono sound, reduced runtime tag map lookups, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
actfancr.cpp: Simplified graphics decoding and cleaned up code. [cam900]
deco16ic.cpp: Move cninja transparency mask function into the driver. [cam900]
crospang.cpp: Moved alternate graphics layout into graphics decoding, and made most state class members private. [cam900]
oneshot.cpp: Simplified graphics decoding, reduced runtime tag map lookups, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
emupal.cpp: Removed MCFG_ macros. [cam900]
vrc6.cpp: Implemented master frequency register, fixed duty cycles, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
devices/bus/nes/konami.cpp: Fixed vrc6 sound volume. [cam900]
Added Namco 163 sound emulation, used by some Famicom cartridges. [cam900]
c6280.cpp: Fixed LFO frequency behavior, fixed LFO enable bit, and implemented LFO reset bit. [cam900]
devices/bus/nes/mmc5.cpp: Corrected sound behavior and fixed sound volume. [cam900]
itech32.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
skimaxx.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, added save state support, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
k054321.cpp: Added synchronizing handlers for communication between main and sound CPUs (used by prmrsocr in tmnt.cpp). [cam900]
devices/machine/watchdog.cpp: Simplified handlers, and reduced watchdog handler trampolines. [cam900]
simpl156.cpp: Simplified graphics decoding, reduced code duplication, and corrected sound clocks. [cam900]
snk68.cpp: Moved pow and searchar to a derived state class, reduced runtime tag map lookups, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
snk68_spr.cpp: Changed flip screen state member to bool. [cam900]
psikyosh.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Restricted tilemap drawing to clipping rectangle, and fixed tilemap size when per-line effects are enabled.
- Added separate address map for games with mahjong controller input.
- Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and cleaned up code.
m72.cpp: Fixed audio sample rate for M72 PCBs, fixed DAC volume, and added notes. [cam900]
decbac06.cpp: Removed hard-coded parameters that come from graphics elements, and restricted drawing to clipping rectangle. [cam900]
raiden2.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Fixed xsedae configuration (runs on modified Zero Team hardware).
- Moved video functions to video/raiden2.cpp.
- Reduced runtime tag map lookups, made state class members protected or private where appropriate, and cleaned up code.
r2dx_v33.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and reduced redundancy with raiden2.cpp. [cam900]
vgmplay.cpp: Added volume modifier support, and scaled volume according to the number of sound chips used by file. [cam900]
leland.cpp: Reduced runtime tag map lookups, and simplified and cleaned up code. [cam900]
audio/leland.cpp: Removed hard-coded tags for ROM region and host CPU. [cam900]
psikyo4.cpp: Fixed FM output when used. [cam900]
n2a03.cpp: Added device_mixer_interface rather than routing audio to hard-coded speakers. [cam900]
tc0100scn.cpp updates: [cam900]
- Internalized text graphics.
- Restricted drawing to clipping rectangle.
- Moved taito_f2.cpp banking code into driver.
- Allowed masked priority behavior.
- Reduced redundancy and cleaned up code.
tc0480scp.cpp: Internalized text graphics, reduced code duplication, and removed unnecessary pointers and functions. [cam900]
emupal.cpp: Added xBGRBBBBGGGGRRRR format. [cam900]
deniam.cpp: Fixed screen freezing behaviour, reduced runtime tag map lookups, cleaned up code, and added notes. [cam900]
audio/m72.cpp: Remove hard-coded tags, converted sample ROM access to device_rom_interface, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
aica.cpp, aicadsp.cpp: Converted PCM/DSP memory access to device_rom_interface, added save state support, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
hotblock.cpp: Converted video banking to address_bank_map_device, and removed MCFG_ macros. [cam900]
z80pio.cpp: Reduced code duplication. [cam900]
ginganin.cpp: Simplified graphics layouts, reduced runtime tag lookups, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
snes_snd.cpp: Added input clock, implemented device_clock_changed, cleaned up code, and added notes. [cam900]
ms32.cpp: Add notes. [cam900]
k053260.cpp: Cleaned up code. [cam900]
deco146.cpp: Suppressed side effects for debugger, reduced redundancy, and cleaned up code. [cam900]
pgm.cpp: Implemented some inputs, and improved naming. [cam900]
pgmprot_igs027a_type1.cpp: Added inputs for CAVE PCB. [cam900]
qs1000.cpp: Moved imperfect sound flag from drivers to device. [cam900]
Netlist library updates: [Couriersud]
- Added a MOSFET model, inclusion Meyer capacitance.
- Added a charge-conserving capacitor model, as an alternative to the constant-capacity model.
- Started putting constants in a central place.
- Fixed a rounding issue in the ptime code.
- Added a global parameter to disable semiconductor capacitance modelling.
- Added an operational amplifier model that ignores output voltage limits.
- Changed MB3614 operational amplifier parameters to match the data sheet.
- Added VARCLOCK, allowing step size to be calculated using a function.
- Added trunc to pfunction.
- Added opamp_amplification_curve example, which calculates op-amp gain as a function of frequency.
- Improved LM3900 voltage clamping model, and aligned pin names with other operational amplifiers.
- Added a high-precision LM3900 model, and an improved high-performance LM3900 model.
- Added more SPICE elements to the conversion code.
- Fixed current source handling when converting SPICE nets.
- Added validation for netlist devices.
- Improved scalability of error messages.
m62.cpp: Fixed kidniki netlist, based on corrections in kungfum schematics and an apparent omission. [Couriersud]
zaccaria.cpp sound improvements: [Couriersud]
- Routed speech and DAC through netlist filtering, and fixed AY8910 interfacing.
- Hooked up potentiometers so they can be adjusted.
- Added frontiers to netlist to improve performance.
mario: Fixed an error in schematics that became obvious with the improved LM3900 model. [Couriersud, Tafoid]
spg110 updates: [David Haywood]
- Split more functionality into separate devices.
- Improved rendering and sprites, and implemented manual video RAM uploads.
- Added basic audio.
wc90b.cpp: Tidied up a little. [David Haywood]
pengo.cpp: Added preliminary partial decryption for schick. [David Haywood]
Moved SunPlus GC394 systems out of vii.cpp (it’s a newer sytem-on-a-chip with more capabilities). [David Haywood]
32x.xml: Fixed pinochio ROM loading. [David Haywood]
mgames.cpp: Cleaned up palette and graphics decoding layout, and converted drawing to use tilemap system. [Dirk Best]
ltcasino.cpp updates: [Dirk Best]
- Hooked up the two 6821 PIAs, hooked up CRT5037, corrected RAM size, and defined clocks in terms of 18 MHz crystal.
- Cleaned up inputs, added DIP switch descriptions and locations, and documented service mode.
- Added output ports, and hooked up coin counter and lamps.
- Added simple internal artwork with clickable buttons and color overlays based on a flyer.
- Added non-volatile RAM, and updated ROM labels and notes.
tms9927.cpp: Allow visible area to be hard-coded at configuration time. [Dirk Best]
akkaarrh.cpp: Added coin counters, lamp outputs, and a test view showing the lamps. [Dirk Best]
Amstrad PCW driver updates: [Edström]
- Corrected floppy drive types for each machine.
- Derived clock from crystal value, and slowed down the CPU to approximate the effect of video hardware accessing RAM.
- Improved logging and converted to use logmacro.h utilities.
- Fixed printer and monitor palettes, and made a simpler layout the default.
dsk_dsk.cpp, hxchfe_dsk.cpp: Report a non-fatal warning for images with a small number of excess tracks. [Edström]
pcw.xml: Corrected metadata and added notes on dumps with excess tracks. [Edström]
sms, nes: Obtain pixel intensity for light gun from screen device rather than accessing VDP/PPU bitmap. [Enik Land]
sms.cpp: Set initial stack pointer for Game Gear, required by Ecco (fixes MT07255). [Enik Land]
m68kmmu: Fixed ATC entry calculation error that was crashing Domain/OS. [Hans Ostermeyer]
apollo: Removed deprecated debug reference. [Hans Ostermeyer]
z80ctc.cpp: Guard against integer overflow when calculating remaining time with configured input clock frequencies. [Justin Kerk]
Fixed support for multiple light guns with X11 XInput. [Kiall Mac Innes]
Fixed YM2608/YM2610 ADPCM-A overflow behavior (should wrap rather than saturating). [Lord Nightmare, madbr]
ymz774: Replaced volume table with calculation loop. [MetalliC]
tms99xx updates: [Michael Zapf]
- Fixed LDCSTCR handling of register indirect auto-increment mode (*Rx+) and modernized logging.
- Fixed minimum/maximum clock cycles per instruction.
- Changed set address method signature to work better with memory maps.
ti99 updates: [Michael Zapf]
- Fixed TI FDC in Geneve losing SIDSEL signal when no drive is selected, and removed redundant variables.
- Fixed 99/4p regression where wrong CRU addresses are used when accessing peribox/evpc.
coco: Fixed loading Orchestra-90, RS-232 Program Pak, and Modem Pak from software list (fixes MT05291). [Nigel Barnes]
m68000: Made CPU space an address space and made vectored interrupts use it. [O. Galibert]
- Also made it possible to disable the interrupt priority encoder behaviour in the CPU core.
emumem: Removed obsolete alignement limit. [O. Galibert]
emumem_mud: Corrected start/end for big endian spaces. [O. Galibert]
pic8259.cpp: Suppress side effects of debugger reads. [O. Galibert]
Added skeleton Yamaha DSPV and SWP20 devices. [O. Galibert]
ymmu100.cpp: Extracted LCD as a separate device. [O. Galibert]
Annotated all uses of set_input_line_vector with CPU type. [O. Galibert]
pcat101: Connected key matrix and ports. [Patrick Mackinlay]
3c505: Added low-level emulation. [Patrick Mackinlay, Neko May]
m68705: Added more HMOS variants. [Patrick Mackinlay]
nscsi_cd: Added support for mode page 0x01, allowing Apple II SCSI Card to access CD-ROMs. [R. Belmont]
apple2: Attach a SCSI CD-ROM to the Apple II SCSI Card by default. [R. Belmont]
apple2: Documented FocusDrive/ZIPDrive partition information format, and fixed it so it works. [R. Belmont]
mac: Demoted all Macs to NOT_WORKING until we get a working VIA6522 emulator. [R. Belmont]
k2000: Hooked up RAM/ROM switch – now starts to boot. [R. Belmont]
aim65: Modernised code, fixed cassette, added TTY, and added printer display. [Robbbert]
funworld.cpp updates: [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo]
- Improved game descriptions, and expanded notes.
- Improved memory maps, added default non-volatile RAM contents for some games, fixed ROM loading, and re-worked inputs.
- Improved tilemaps, fixed graphics planes, and improved palettes.
- Added I²C serial EEPROM and removed PIAs for Saloon/Nevada.
- Added PLD dumps for pool10e and marked jokercrd graphics ROM IC10 as a bad dump.
- Split and mirrored attribute/color RAM, fixed AY8910 hook-up, fixed video RAM offset, and fixed AY8910 hook-up for intrgmes.
- Changed CPU to 65SC02, added periodic interrupts, and patched out some hardware checks for intrgmes.
- Changed CPU to R65C02, added PIA mirroring, and added a ROM patch to force NOP after BRK for royalcrdf.
Further funworld.cpp updates: [Roberto Fresca]
- Fixed palette banking, graphics ROM loading, memory map and video RAM offsets for royalcrdf.
- Added default non-volatile RAM contents for rcdino4 and jolycdig.
- Marked royalcrdc graphics ROM IC26 as a bad dump.
- Added button lamps for jolycdig and jolycdab.
- Changed “Austrian” to “German” in all game descriptions, and expanded notes.
- Replaced royalcrdc bad graphics ROM dump with corresponding dump from parent set, and removed imperfect graphics flag.
funworld.cpp: Used a custom device to re-dump faulty graphics ROM for jokercrd, allowing game to be promoted to fully working. [Roberto Fresca, Grull Osgo, Gaby]
unsp: Fixed signed multiplication in recompiler (fixes controls in jak_pooh). [Ryan Holtz]
sgi_mc: Fixed pixel VDMA interrupts (fixes pixel DMA warnings in IRIX 5.3). [Ryan Holtz]
newport: Added support for dithering and 4 bits per pixel RGB frame buffer display, and fixed shaded rendering mode. [Ryan Holtz]
Added ability to throttle IDE hard disk DMA transfer speed (fixes MT07242). [Ted Green]
midzeus.cpp: Fixed interrupt regression that was causing low frame rates in thegrid. [Ted Green]
zx8301.cpp: Improved flash behavior so colors match a real QL. [vilcans]
crystal.cpp: Dumped alternate Crystal System BIOS. [ack]
galaxian.cpp: Corrected ROM names for moonwara, and corrected the color BPROM. [Andrew Welburn, The Dumping Union]
oneshot.cpp: Add PCB layout for Mad Donna, and various notes for One Shot One Kill. [Brian Troha]
toaplan1.cpp: Corrected coinage DIP switch settings for Jiao! Jiao! Jiao! (China, 2P set). [Brian Troha]
tumbleb.cpp: Dumped PIC microcontroller for funkyjetb. [Caps0ff, ClawGrip, The Dumping Union]
seibucpbl.cpp: Updated ROM locations for cupsocsb2, and used measured clocks for Seibu Cup Soccer bootleg sets. [f205v]
gba.xml: Added additional cartridge information from No-Intro. [FakeShemp]
aha1542b: Added 3.1b BIOS. [Funet Archive]
namcos2.cpp: Updated PCB locations for data ROMs. [Guru]
m72.cpp: Re-dumped I80C31 external ROM for imgfightb. [hammy]
aristmk5.cpp: Updated internal layouts based on a few photos of the button labels. [Heihachi_73]
isa_hercules: Added dump of Mazovia Polish alternate character set. [MCbx Old Computer Collection]
Added skeleton device for UltraStor Ultra-14F SCSI controller. [Metropoli BBS Archive]
Added skeleton device for UltraStor Ultra-24F EISA SCSI controller. [Metropoli BBS Archive]
Added skeleton devices for Tekram EISA SCSI controllers. [Metropoli BBS Archive, I-Shou University File Server]
galaxold.cpp: Dumped PROM for and confirmed chip types for scramb3. [Porchy, The Dumping Union]
europc.cpp: Added BIOS v1.02 to euroxt. [rfka01]
genpc.cpp: Added several additional BIOS options. [rfka01]
compc.cpp: Added BIOS v2.01 to compc10. [rfka01]
Added notes about SunPlus dies and which systems use them. [Sean Riddle]
icanpian.xml: Added additional information about cartridges and release codes. [Sean Riddle, ClawGrip]
sms.xml: Corrected ROM label for worldgp. [TeamEurope, ICEknight, ClawGrip]

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Some Game Balance Thoughts from an Eve Veteran

AJ ALMENDINGER

glimpse into the future of Roblox

Vibin’

What does Roblox mean to you?

Knowledge is power

2020 Game Jam

‘Til next year

Improving Simulation and Performance with an Advanced Physics Solver

August

05, 2020

Implementing the Laws of Physics

Taking Small Steps

Solving

Mitigation Strategies

Getting More Details

In Conclusion

Using Clang to Minimize Global Variable Use

July

23, 2020

Introducing -finstrument-functions

Implementing the Callback Hooks

Symbolizing the Traces

Putting it All Together

Future Work

Further Reading

[FO4] (Support) Fallout 4 CTD on game start, no mod or load order changes made.

Factorio Multi Assembler

tl;dr;

Demo Video

How does it work?

Download & Blueprints

KSP Loading... The KSP franchise expands

Kerbal Space Program 2

We’re excited to introduce you to Star Theory Games, the developer studio behind Kerbal Space Program 2!

Improved Onboarding

Next Generation Technology

Colonies

Interstellar Travel

MultiplayeModding

PAX West 2019

Kerbal Space Program Update 1.8

Celestial Body Visual Improvements

Unity Upgrade

New Parts for Breaking Ground

MAME 0.209

MAME 0.209

MAMETesters Bugs Fixed

New working machines

New working clones

Machines promoted to working

Clones promoted to working

New machines marked as NOT_WORKING

New clones marked as NOT_WORKING

New working software list additions

Software list items promoted to working

New NOT_WORKING software list additions

Translations added or modified

Source Changes

Please tell us your ideas for the upcoming project-based algorithms section of freeCodeCamp.org

Unofficial Breaking Grounds Robotics FAQ [Frequently updated]

Q: Why are my robotic parts are not moving?

Q: Do I need a controller to use the motion of the robotic parts in a simple manner; use a hinge, extend a piston?

Q: Can I make unpowered hinges?

Q: How do I assign actiongroups to my robotics parts?

Q: Why does my plane/drone spin uncontrollably?

Q: Do I need to start a new save to have the new breaking grounds surface features?

MAME 0.209

MAME 0.209

MAMETesters Bugs Fixed

New working machines

New working clones

Machines promoted to working

Clones promoted to working

New machines marked as NOT_WORKING

New clones marked as NOT_WORKING

New working software list additions

Software list items promoted to working

New NOT_WORKING software list additions