How to Calculate Horse Racing Betting Odds and Payoffs

So a lot of you will know that I regularly post guides and tips about match betting, However since the same questions always come up in the comments, I decided to make one big, very thorough Mega Guide in order to eliminate as many doubts as possible for you guys. Like I said before, This guide is a handy way to sort out a month's rent for 5 or 6 hours work, so I really hope it can be of use to someone. Anyway, Here it is:
PART 1: MATCH BETTING EXPLAINED; HOW TO MAKE £500 IN 5/6 HOURS
Having done my research and having been able to turn a really nice profit in such a short time, I wanted to make a short guide to eliminate people's doubts and simplify things a little. Since it really doesn't take a lot of time to hit that £500 profit mark, it's a shame not to try it out. Anyway, Here it goes:
I was sceptical as hell about Match betting because a friend showed me the Facebook groups and it just looked like a giant gambling pyramid scheme. It turns out there is a decent chunk of change to be made from it, you just need to follow the guides and never ever actually gamble with your money.
Never ever Gamble? Yes That's right, you are going to be using Gambling sites to complete the various offers, but the whole idea behind match betting is that every time you "make a bet", you match that same bet on the exchange. So for example, if I bet £10 for Real Madrid to Win on the Bookie Site at odds of 2.5, I then also make a Matched bet on the Exchange (This is a separate site such as Smarkets or Betfair) where I bet for Real Madrid not to win at odds of 2.5 (or as close as I can get to those odds). In this way I am covered in all outcomes, and it allows me to fulfill the requirements of the bookies offer (For example Bet £10 and get £30 in Free bets)
What's the difference between the Bookie Site and the Exchange? On the Exchange Site you are basically being the Bookie and just like a Bookie, you have liability. If I bet £10 and my bet wins at odds of 2.5 then I win £25, so the bookies liability for this bet is £15, the extra money that they would have to give me if I win. There are calculators on the Match betting sites which you can use to calculate what Liability you need to enter on the exchange each time you make your matched bet. There is also software to help you find what games have the closest odds on both the bookies and the exchange, which is very important.
What do I do when I get my free bets? It's the same process again, You find a game that has very close odds on both the bookies and the exchange ( You can do this by eye or by using odds matching software. A good site with this software is called OddsMonkey). Only this time when you use the calculator to work out your liability, you will set it to "Free bets SNR" so it knows you are not using real money. It will tell you how much Liability to use in the exchange and off you go.
How does this make me money? The fact that you have a free bet to use is what makes you money, For example a £30 free bet at odds of 5.5 in the bookies will win you £135 (30x 4.5, because the original free bet stake of £30 is not returned to you). Now let's say that the closest odds I can find in the Exchange for the same game are 6.0, I will need a liability of £112.50 to match my free bet in the bookies ( I use the calculator on oddsmonkey to work this out)
£135- 112.50 = £22.50 in Profit.
Alternatively if my bet on the exchange wins, I will lose the free bet of £30 (but it's not actually a loss to me because It's not real money) and I will win £22.50 on the exchange. Either way, I make a Profit of £22.50
What about providing card details? You can use a separate, virtual bank account for all your match betting, In this way your main banking information is not shared with any of the sites you sign up to. A good one to use is Monzo, the app is easy to use and it only takes 5 minutes to open an account. It's free to open an account and last I checked they actually have a referral scheme where you get £5 if you sign up through a referral link.
Non Referral here: https://monzo.com/
Where can I learn to do it? There are some sites that you have to pay a monthly subscription to but I found one called Team Profit that is free and has a full guide of all the different offers you can complete.
I worked my way down through the list of offers, nice and handy, and having completed 20 offers at 15 minutes per offer, I came out at £470 for 5 hours total of work.
If you are new to this site and are opening a free account I would really appreciate if you use my Referral (£10)
Here is the non referral link to the page with all the offers: https://www.teamprofit.com/welcome-offers-list
TLDR: You do not need to "gamble" to match bet, in fact by definition, the bet you make is "matched" on the exchange, so it is not a gamble in any sense.

PART 2: MAKING £500-£1000 EVERY MONTH.
You may sometimes see people commenting saying they have made a lot more money since finishing the welcome offers, £1000-£1500 a month and such, but never saying exactly how...
Personally I have made a lot more profit every month since I finished the welcome offers, Usually around the £1000 per month mark.
People say that Match betting drys up once you finish the welcome offers but this is simply not true, it's a matter of being more organised and checking your email for new offers, while also checking the Reload Offers section on Team Profit every morning (Takes literally 5 minutes)
Below is an Example from last month where I made £300 in one week. Bare in mind that the amount you make weekly will vary with the amount of sport that is on, but as long as there's sport, you will always be able to earn. This example is simply to show you the potential Match Betting has long after you've completed the Welcome offers:
Here's exactly how I did it:
Coral: Money back as a free bet up to £50 if your team is ahead in the first half but doesn't win the match in the end: Matched 5 Premier League games, 3 were successful. I received three £50 free bets which I matched and turned into £130 profit risk free. £130 in 30 minutes
William Hill: Money Back as Cash if your horse comes 2nd- 2 of the 6 horses I matched came 2nd, I was also able to make a profit by just matching the bets because my odds were higher on the bookies side by using the Happy Hour odds (between 12pm-1pm, 3 horses with enhanced odds) and also the 3 daily bet boosts on Horse raising( to boost my odds on another 3 horses). £20 in 5 minutes
Paddy Power: Money Back up to £10 if Horse comes 2nd 3rd or 4th, Matched the horse with the lowest odds and sure enough it came 3rd, got my £10 free bet. £8 in 3 minutes
Skybet: Money Back as cash up to £10 if Horse comes 2nd 3rd or 4th, Matched the horse with the lowest odds and sure enough it came 3rd, got my £10. £9.50 in 3 minutes
Skybet: Wednesday Super odds: Matched the three super odds on the exchange and due to the difference in odds (If the odds on the bookies are greater than those for same bet on the exchange you are automatically profiting). £10 in 3 minutes
Boylesports: £10 Free bet if your bet loses(Premier League Match): £8 in 3 minutes
Paddy Power 2up: An offer where you get paid out early if your time goes up by 2 goals, the profit varies depending on what the odds on the exchange are when you back the team you orignally lay against, but this offer can make you a lot of profit (You will need to download the team profit calculator app and use the early payout calculator). Last week it Made me £35. £35 in 5 minutes
Novibet: Deposit £100 and get a £50 free bet. Very easy because you just have to deposit the money, get your free bet, withdraw your £100 straight away, then match the free bet on the exchange. £40 in 5 minutes
Coral: Bet 3x £5 in play and get a £5 free bet-Availble everyday. Just match these at half time so the odds are stable, Make sure you also place mug bets every couple of days if you do this one a lot, I would reccomend doing it 5 times a week tops. £20 in 30 minutes
Paddy Powe Skybet Bet clubs: Bet 5x £10 bets in a week to get a £10 free bet with Paddy Power. Bet £25 in a week to get a £5 free bet with Skybet. £10 in 30 minutes

Above you can see the reality of making profit long after you've finished the welcome offers, but it comes down to organisation.
So in Summary, these are my 6 Rules for making a monthly Profit:
(1) Check your email daily for offers, many times bookies will send you personalised offers just for you, and these can be very VERY generous.
(2) Check the Reload Offers section on Team profit every morning to see what offers are available that day.
(3) Offers change all the time- Don't let this put you off. There are always new offers to replace the previous ones. There are also Weekly/Daily offers ( Coral £50 free bet, Paddy power refund if 2nd 3rd 4th, William hill money back if second, Paddy Power 2up, Bet clubs etc) which are constantly available when sport is on.
(4) Make Mug bets ( Explained more in PART 3)
(5) It all adds up. Don't think "It's only a £5 free bet, not worth matching". I get around 15 £5 free bets every week, If I ignored them all I would be down £200 at the end of the month.
(6) Don't spend all day at it. Once you've checked your email and reload offers, you know what offers you need to do that day. Set alarms so you can make your matches before each event starts, but don't spend ages sitting at your computer waiting for "the perfect match", for your own mental health, set a time limit of 1 hour per day at most.

PART 3: FAQ
(1) How much money do you need to put in to start?
When you go onto the offers page on Team Profit after signing up, there is an option to start with £25, £50 or £100. You can select one of those three options And it will show you a different number of offers according to your selection. I started with £100 because I wanted to get things moving a little quicker. I did this so that I would have enough money for liability to do a bigger earning offer at the start. One year later, and having see the potential for profit, I keep around £500 floating between my accounts. This is useful for large sporting events where I may want to do around 10- 15 offers in a short time.
(2) Is it in anyway going to impact my credit score?
Using gambling sites doesn't effect your credit score unless you borrow money to fund it. I do all my match betting through a virtual bank (Monzo) in order to keep that stuff out of my main bank on the off chance that it raises any eyebrows. You'll be using Monzo like a cash card, where you can only spend the money you put into the card. This is why it won't affect your credit score, because you wouldn't be taking out an overdraft or using credit for example.
(3) What is Mug Betting?
Mug Betting is where you make bets that have no relation to any offer or promotion in order to appear like a regular punter. If you are doing a lot of offers on one site, it's a good idea to make mug bets in order to avoid being "gubbed" (Gubbed is a term for when bookies realise you are only taking advantadge of promotions and close your account permanantly). Of course you will also Match these "Mug bets" on the exchange. Make 1-2 Mug bets on Each site every week(On the sites you are using a lot for offers and promotions) in order to ensure your accounts last longer than 1-2 years. I have been matching for well over a year and have never been gubbed. Take the extra couple of minutes to Mug bet, it's worth it.
More on Mug betting here

Ok so that's everything I can think of to share with you guys, The link to sign up to your free Team Profit account is at the bottom of Part 1 of this guide.
TLDR: You do not need to "gamble" to match bet, in fact by definition, the bet you make is "matched" on the exchange, so it is not a gamble in any sense.
I really hope this guide will help someone out because It really is a solid way to sort out a months rent for quite a modest amount of work.
Thanks for Reading.

The Many-Headed Hydra, or The Curse of the Three-year Design Phase

A brief disclaimer before I begin this open lettenovel: most of this is assumption and speculation. I have reasons for believing the things I say, but, at the end of the day, I don't have an "in" at Wizards aside from occasionally reading Blogatog, or knowing a handful of local judges.
With that said, let's try to explain and analyze the disconnect between Wizards and the player base, what the problems are, why standard is always miserable, and similar issues so that we can start understanding both what Wizards needs to do, and what we as players need to do, to fix this game that we (apparently) love.
A few facts first, to lay out the crucial background information that we need to understand how Wizards "thinks".

Wizards designs most sets over the course of three years. That means that Zendikar Rising started for them back in fall of 2017, Theros Beyond Death began shortly after Donald Trump was sworn in as president, and so on. There have been a few minor products with shorter turnaround time, but this seems to be the case for the vast majority.
Work at Wizards is divided into teams, such as Vision Design, Set Design, and Play Design (which functions closer to Set Design than Vision Design). Some people at Wizards work in more than one of these departments, but most primarily fill one role.
"Wizards of the Coast" is not actually a sentient lifeform, no matter how much we keep trying to blame them as though they were. It's an organization made up of many different people, with different beliefs, goals, and personalities.

With these three core facts, we can already see the first major problem at Wizards rear its ugly Hydra Head: communication. Different people at Wizards have different goals in mind, and different definitions of "success." Vision Design's job is primarily to create new and exciting mechanics and ideas that will encourage people to spend money on cardboard and good ideas. It's the "creative" branch of Wizards. Or, at least, it's one of them. (More on that later). Set Design, on the other hand, fills in all the spaces after Vision Design hands off the set to them. They're the details-oriented, fine-tuning branch of Wizards. Or at least, they're one of them. They're the ones that decide how much "draft chaff" a set needs for a good limited environment, or tweak the Mana cost on that too-good Mythic up a notch. (Or down, if it feels underwhelming.) Ideas that Uro was designed to be strong just to sell packs simply doesn't work, because selling packs isn't actually Set Design's job: that belongs partially to Vision Design (in creating an exciting new idea or ideas for a set) and partially to Marketing (for...obvious reasons). Set Design's job is to turn "cool ideas" into a cohesive, polished set. Eventually, Play Design gets invited into the process, to examine the cards with a competitive mindset, and try to perfect "balance" within the set, and across Magic as a whole. With the exception of the "Companion" mechanic, most Magic players' complaints about recently-printed cards have focused around their balance, or around their cost. Oko would not have been nearly so "Broko" if he had cost 6 Mana, and wouldn't have angered the player base so much if he had been more balanced. The fundamental design of the card wasn't the problem, the development was. This is true of many of the "biggest offenders" in recent standard, but not all. To understand the other challenges WotC is facing, we have to look at Fact #1 up above: WotC designs three years in advance.
Right now, Green is the boogeyman in Standard. Most decks have at least some green in them, and White is the horribly underpowered color that only sees play because they splashed it onto Omnath. Why might this be? Let’s rewind back not-quite-three-years ago (we have to allow time for Design to come up with some core concepts before individual cards can be designed). Ixalan has had its impact on Standard, and the old Energy decks are starting to fade away, helped along by the bannings of Attune with Aether, Rogue Refiner, Rampaging Ferocidon, and Ramunap Ruins. Dominaria releases, and suddenly White is the new hotness. While Red decks (either Hazoret-style, Chainwhirler-style, both, or a vehicle-based build) have been strong for a while, suddenly, White+X decks are everywhere, thanks in no small part to Teferi, Hero of Dominaria. WU control has its day in the sun, modifying the old Approach of the Second Sun decks, but the majority of the field will settle on Esper Control. Settle the Wreckage makes Carnage Tyrant, the “control deck killer” mythic, almost irrelevant. People complain about Settle the Wreckage, about Teferi, about Green’s only deck in the format (Steel Leaf Stompy) being only able to beat the other non-white competitive deck: Monored (occasionally with a splash of black) Chainwhirler, and even then it’s not an impressive winrate. Granted, many of these complaints were gross exaggerations (we are Magic players, after all), but I’d be willing to bet that the majority of non-Nexus of Fates complaints in the Blogatog inbox were something along these lines.
So, let’s assume (if only for a minute) that Wizards actually cares what we think. They hear the complaints about White control being too strong, about Green feeling underpowered because its threats just continually get removed, and they act on it. The problem is, WotC designs cards 3 years in advance. Fast forward to the present, where we have a problem that can best be described as the opposite of that previous standard environment: White’s control elements are severely weakened, and most of the best white cards have at least one other color to them (I’m looking at you, Omnath, Lurrus, and Yorion!) Green, on the other hand, has ways to fight back against oppressive control elements, with creatures that affect the board immediately, and aren’t just dead cards when an opponent plays a boardwipe. (Notably, White’s only boardwipes in standard at the moment either cost 8 mana, reward the opponent for playing big creatures, or fail to destroy “giant” creatures.) And thus we have the standard that we obviously all wanted, right? Right?
Hm.
So with a 3-year-turnaround before WotC can implement any of our feedback, what are we supposed to do to slay this second hydra head? Quit playing Standard for 3 years until the pendulum swings back the other way again? Well, that’s one option. But there are others. The first is that we, as players, need to give better feedback. As a teacher, the quality of the feedback I give my students is possibly the single most important point of my job: if I simply tell a student that their answer is wrong, and what the correct answer is, then they erase that answer, fill in the correct one, and learn nothing. This is almost exactly how WotC has been responding to the playerbase for the last several years. We complain about a specific card, they ban it, and everyone moves on with life, until the next “best card/deck” in standard becomes too oppressive, and they ban it again. So how do we give feedback in such a way that Wizards can listen to us, and implement it without overcorrecting and ruining things the other way? If we want our feedback to be useful to Wizards, then it needs to be both more abstract, and more detailed.
“But isn’t that a contradiction?” Not exactly. To be more abstract, we need to focus less on the specific card(s) that caused the problem. Raging about how the Walking Dead cards are killing Magic and they’re the worst idea Wizards has ever had only tells Wizards that we don’t like the Walking Dead cards. It doesn’t tell them why, or how to potentially fix things and make them better. This is where the detailed part comes in: as a community, we need to identify the specific issues that we have with a given card or product, and communicate them in an abstract way that gives Wizards the ability to follow our recommendations. For example, if I were to complain about the Walking Dead Secret Lair, I would say something like this,

“Many Magic: the Gathering players are concerned about the concept of introducing ‘crossover’ IPs as mechanically unique cards that cannot be reprinted meaningfully at any point. If functional reprints of these cards are created, that still does not address our concerns, because a commander player now needs to get both of the cards, so they can run 2 copies of essentially the same effect, or a Legacy player may still need to run a 2/2 split to avoid the ‘legend rule’ blanking cards in their hand as often. In either case, a mechanically unique and desirable card exists, which is functionally now on a new ‘reserved list’, as they cannot be reprinted without violating the terms of whatever licensing agreement Wizards has signed. Please either make these cards silver-bordered, where they will appeal to collectors without creating an additional barrier to play in constructed formats, or give these cards the so-called ‘Godzilla Treatment’, where the ‘crossover’ version of the card is simply an alternate version of another Magic card. Thank you.”

A few takeaways from this letter: not only does it never mention the words “Walking Dead,” it suggests a course of action that Wizards can take both now and in the future to fix the problem as I see it. It is also more polite than a lot of the vitriol that has been spewed at Wizards over this latest debacle. “But what’s the point? They never listen anyway!” Actually, they do, and I have a specific example in mind to prove it.
Several years ago, back when MagicFests were still called Grand Prixs, and Mythic Invitationals were the Pro Tour, a Blogatog reader (who shall remain anonymous because I’m far too lazy to go digging to find the question) made the following request of Wizards, via Maro: “Hey, Mark. When I tune into coverage of a GP or a Pro Tour event, it’s often difficult for me to tell who’s winning at a glance, especially in matchups that involve at least one control deck. The life totals may be even, the board is often empty, or only has a few cards on it, and the piles of cards in graveyards seem roughly equal in size. Can something be done so I don’t have to watch the match for 15 minutes just to get an idea of what’s going on?” Fast forward to now, several years later: Wizards has started printing a lot more “visible” removal. White has gotten more “Banishing Light”-style effects, which show on the board that you’ve removed a problem permanent. Ashiok’s Erasure or Spell Queller both are counterspells that you can see on the board long after they’ve resolved. Ravenous Chupacabra and Kitesail Freebooter sit on the battlefield instead of lurking in the graveyard after they’ve been played. Oko sits on the battlefield ~~forever~~ until he’s banned. It’s now much easier to see at a glance that a control player has been hard at work within seconds of tuning in to coverage of an event. (Of course, this brings us back to the problem of communication at Wizards, since the quality/amount of coverage has decreased severely too, but that’s a different department, and really just reinforces the first hydra head.)
But all of this is putting a lot of burdens on us, the consumers. What can Wizards do, in the abstract, to help fix this disconnect? For starters, they can fix a lot of the internal communication issues that they’ve been having recently. Different departments have different goals, and it really seems like they aren’t always communicating with each other. Marketing seems to be making decisions directly at odds with Set Design and Vision Design, and Play Design seems to have been left in the dust.
Another thing that seems to be needed is either more staff, or fewer products. I think all Magic players would agree that the recent years have seen a significant increase in the number of products being released, and it seems like the amount of resources needed to design, develop, playtest, and do everything else that goes into the release of a quality product have simply exceeded the resources available currently. Having three years to design and develop a product doesn’t mean as much if you only get to spend Mondays on Kaldheim because you have to work on Commander 2021 on Tuesday, Secret Lair: Spooky Scary Skeletons on Wednesday, Triple Masters on Thursday, and Friday is the one day you have to run around to the other departments to try to implement some of this newfangled “internal communication.” It really feels like several people are starting to get stretched too thin, and the players are starting to notice.
Second, you need to find a way to engage with the playerbase beyond “Mark and Gavin post on social media in their spare time, and aren’t even paid for it.” Even the Commander Rules Committee, a group which makes zero dollars from Magic: the Gathering, realized this in recent years and implemented a Commander Advisory Group. Make a Standard Advisory Group. Or a Modern Advisory Group. Heck, just ask the Professor of Tolarian Community College if he thinks the playerbase would like a hypothetical idea. Incorporate some kind of community feedback into the process at some point in that three-year window before “standard falls apart,” and actually apologize well when things slip through the cracks. What does a good apology look like?
It should have three parts: an acknowledgement of what went wrong, some expression of remorse or at least ownership of the mistake, and a plan to prevent similar mistakes from happening in the future. We get it: you’re human. Mistakes will happen. But a lot of mistakes recently have come close to blaming the players for being the problem. Chandra’s relationship--or lack thereof--in the War of the Spark novels caused outrage, but the “apology” seemed to blame the fanbase for reacting so negatively. Oko was stronger than you thought because “we didn’t think players would use the +1 on opponent’s creatures nearly as often.” Own your mistakes, and give us some idea of a plan for how you intend to fix it. In return, we’ll try to be more understanding when things go wrong, and more helpful in suggesting possible fixes. We’ll understand that oftentimes, you know better than we do--this is your job, after all--but we also ask that you consider the possibility that occasionally, we get it right, even if you don’t like hearing that. (and who does like hearing that they’ve made a mistake?)
I truly do believe that the majority of employees at Wizards love this game, and want it to be the best it can possibly be. Many of you may be just as frustrated as we are at recent developments, and I can’t blame you: at least we get the cathartic release of spamming the Blogatog inbox. We have areas to improve on, as a community, and we’ll do the best we can to do so.
We just ask that you do the same.

Flatten the Curve. Part 44. Bill Gates Rumored Doomsday Bunkers. Bill Gates Hoarding. Rockefeller Institute & Unethical Human Experiments. Toxic Dust Storms and Covid-19. It's Hidden in Plain Sight. Wake up.

Part 43 is here
Listen up. Do you have a gnawing feeling that something isn't right? A gut instinct? Is your intuition leaving you in a state of vigilance? Is your spidey sense tingling? Do you feel like the truth is hidden in plain sight, but you can't quite see it?
You're not alone.
So what is the truth and why won't they just tell us? They aren't going to tell us the truth because most of us can't handle the truth. They experiment on live subjects in the past, but suddenly they've seen the light? Suddenly they've found morality and embraced truth and ethical behavior?

The Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study was a controlled study of the effects of malaria on the prisoners of Stateville Penitentiary near Joliet, Illinois, beginning in the 1940s. The study was conducted by the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago in conjunction with the United States Army and the State Department. At the Nuremberg trials, Nazi doctors cited the precedent of the malaria experiments as part of their defense. Link Here

Any day that Nazi Doctors use your experiment as a defense for Nazi medical experiments is not a good day.
Let me show you one other part of the puzzle that you need to read. Let me show you that at some point the money, power, or even the scientific research can detach some individuals from reality.
"A number of years ago, we talked about, 'What if there wasn't clean water? What if there wasn't enough food?" she said on the radio show. "Where might we go? What might we do as a family?' So, I think we should leave those preparations to ourselves." The only thing they did not prepare, however, was the vaccine or a treatment for the virus that would cause a pandemic, though she acknowledged how "lucky" she and her family are to be in a position of privilege when it comes to dealing with COVID-19. "What we mostly talk about now in our home every night is how lucky we are," she continued. "We understand our privilege. When we say our grace at night, what we're thankful for around the table, is that we aren't struggling to put a meal on the table as so many families around the world are." Link Here
Yep. Sure thing Melinda. You guys just sit around the dinner table (like us normal plebs) and talk about how lucky you are to have food. Then you went out and stocked up your basement. Maybe they hoarded all the toilet paper because they're so full of crap they can use TP to wipe their mouths with after they speak. And what a minute, isn’t hoarding food bad? And aren't billionaires just hoarding cash? Different rules for different people, and it makes no difference what they say publicly when it's still just the same crap.
August 7, 2019 | Many of the world's elite, including hedge fund managers, sports stars and tech executives (Bill Gates is rumored to have bunkers at all his properties) have chosen to design their own secret shelters to house their families and staff. Gary Lynch, general manager of Texas-based Rising S Company, says 2016 sales for their custom high-end underground bunkers grew 700% compared to 2015, while overall sales have grown 300% since the November US presidential election alone. Link Here
So which basements were you stocking Bill? I'm betting you stocked all of them. But that article really made it sound like you personally went grocery shopping, didn't it?
And there's that year again, 2015. The same year as the Bird Man plauge doctor video, coronavirus and bats possible pandemic discovered, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing went mainstream, and the Billy Boy pandemic warnings started with a Ted Talk, then the Doomsday Bunkers elite MKultra wealthy segment jumped by 700%.
That's not a good sign.
It's all connected. All of it. We might not know how. Or who's doing what. Or how bad our current ELE events will become, but we need to at least get an outline of the big picture, before the big picture turns into the Main Event.
As far as I'm concerned, there is no possible way our present unexplained mysteries aren't prognosticators of upcoming calamities.
No. Way. At. All.
Let's throw the spotlight back onto our pandemic. It's all plain and simple when you accept the government's and the medical community's word at Face(book) value. Our leaders tell us to Keep Calm and Carry On. Just take two official narrative pills and wait for the vaccine. It's all good. Honestly. Listen. Trust. Obey.

1913 to 1951: Dr. Leo Stanley, chief surgeon at the San Quentin Prison, performed a wide variety of experiments on hundreds of prisoners at San Quentin. Many of the experiments involved testicular implants, where Stanley would take the testicles out of executed prisoners and surgically implant them into living prisoners. In other experiments, he attempted to implant the testicles of rams, goats, and boars into living prisoners. Stanley also performed various eugenics experiments, and forced sterilizations on San Quentin prisoners.[13] Stanley believed that his experiments would rejuvenate old men, control crime (which he believed had biological causes), and prevent the "unfit" from reproducing.

Whelp, at least you could say that Dr. Stanley had the balls to carry out his experiments.
Tuberculosis. Syphilis. Herpes. Influenza. Malaria. The medical society treated us to a rolodex of experiments.

In 1941, at the University of Michigan, virologists Thomas Francis, Jonas Salk and other researchers deliberately infected patients at several Michigan mental institutions with the influenza virus by spraying the virus into their nasal passages.[24] Francis Peyton Rous, based at the Rockefeller Institute and editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, wrote the following to Francis regarding the experiments:

It may save you much trouble if you publish your paper... elsewhere than in the Journal of Experimental Medicine. The Journal is under constant scrutiny by the anti-vivisectionists who would not hesitate to play up the fact that you used for your tests human beings of a state institution. That the tests were wholly justified goes without saying.

Wholy justified. Goes without saying. But we would never be so reckless with experiments today, no matter how justified, would we?
NY MAG. March 20

On January 13, less than a week after COVID-19 was identified as the virus behind the outbreak in Wuhan, researchers at Cambridge-based biotech company Moderna proposed a vaccine to fight it. A little over two months later, on Monday morning, a pharmacist in Seattle injected Rebecca Sirull with that vaccine, making her the third person to be injected in a 45-person clinical trial, the first human trial in the country. To rush the vaccine to clinical trial, Moderna skipped animal testing, a somewhat extraordinary measure. Sirull, a healthy 25-year-old editorial coordinator at a research institute, will receive a second injection in a month and have her blood drawn regularly for more than a year. Should the test be successful, the more optimistic estimates suggest that a vaccine could be available in 12 to 18 months. Intelligencer spoke with Sirull about her decision to take part.

Oh. Uhm. OK.

Jill Horowitz stood outside the Quaker Ridge Shopping Center in New Rochelle, N.Y.—an early COVID-19 hotspot—in March, stopping shoppers as they walked into the grocery store. She handed them blue pamphlets soliciting volunteers for a Rockefeller University antibody research study. “I would say, ‘Would you like to help us find a cure?’” says Horowitz, executive director of strategic operations at Rockefeller’s Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. “I didn’t even have to mention coronavirus. This neighborhood was completely subsumed.”

Yessiree ladies and gentlemen, step right up, roll up that sleeve, and get a poke to save all the good folks out there from the pandemic. The one that contaminates surfaces, but now doesn't spread through surfaces. The virus that you don’t need a mask for because a mask will make it worse. The virus you might need a mask for because it wouldn't hurt, but it's not airborne. Put on a darn mask because the virus is airborne. Maybe. But air-conditioning makes COVID-19 worse. So only wear a mask inside. The virus that worsens with pollution, but don't worry about putting on the mask outside. Because if you wear a mask you'll stop the second wave. But there might not be a second wave, it might just be one long continuous wave.
Is anyone else getting the impression that they don't have enough information about the virus to be issuing guidelines yet?
But I'm just being paranoid. I'm sure of it. That was then, and this is now.

Then: In a 1946 to 1948 study in Guatemala, U.S. researchers used prostitutes to infect prison inmates, insane asylum patients, and Guatemalan soldiers with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases in order to test the effectiveness of penicillin in treating the STDs. They later tried infecting people with "direct inoculations made from syphilis bacteria poured into the men's penises and on forearms and faces that were slightly abraded . . . or in a few cases through spinal punctures". Approximately 700 people were infected as part of the study (including orphan children). The study was sponsored by the Public Health Service, the National Institutes of Health, the Pan American Health Sanitary Bureau (now the World Health Organization's Pan American Health Organization) and the Guatemalan government. The team was led by John Charles Cutler, who later participated in the Tuskegee syphilis experiments. Cutler chose to do the study in Guatemala because he would not have been permitted to do it in the United States. In 2010 when the research was revealed, the U.S. officially apologized to Guatemala for the studies. A lawsuit has been launched against Johns Hopkins University, Bristol-Myers Squibb and the Rockefeller Foundation for alleged involvement in the study.

That is so reassuring as we move forward, isn’t it? And don't give me any that was back then we've changed arguments. We haven't changed at all. Proof? Ok. Let's go.
This is a link to an LA Times article that talks about Bill Gates and his AIDS fight in Africa. You go Bill. Get them vaccines out to the people. You're such a good guy! That's what a New Normal article would say. This isn’t a New Normal article. It's scathing in it's judgment. They may not be dying of AIDS, or just living longer with AIDS, but they are dying due to other factors, which should be easily acquirable with the wealth at Bill's disposal to prevent.
But there was one item that caught my eye. It talked about a Paper Mill that was in a country in Africa, that Bill owned a substantial amount of stock in. This company owned paper mills in North America. Those paper mills were environmentally friendly with little emissions. But not the one in the African Country. Nope. Not at all. That one didn't bother with environmentally friendly processes.
The story goes on to discuss how one of Bill's AIDS treatment recipients lived downwind from this plant and how the fumes we're probably killing him. And what were the fumes?
Hydrogen Sulfide. (Read more at Flatten the Curve) - Part 13
Yes seriously. Treating them for AIDS while downwind from Hydrogen Sulfide. I'm not sure about you, but that sounds like a medical experiment to me. Seriously, the guy that wants to stop climate-change by geo-engineering the planet doesn't use his clout to stop the pollution from a paper plant that he owns stock in. OK. Makes perfect sense, doesn't it?
Yet actually it might. No, seriously, it really might. I've already stated that the virus seems to be activated with environmental toxins. And here we have an ultimate real life laboratory. And what does this real life laboratory research?
Why maybe it researchers Miasma theory? Huh? Yep. Here we go.

The miasma theory is an obsolete medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera, chlamydia, or the Black Death—were caused by a miasma, a noxious form of "bad air", also known as night air. The theory held that epidemics were caused by miasma, emanating from rotting organic matter.

Rotting organic matter, like at meat plants?
May 7, 2020: www.wired.com | Why Meatpacking Plants Have Become Covid-19 Hot Spots.
June 23, 2020: https://www.bbc.com | Coronavirus: Why have there been so many outbreaks in meat processing plants?
And do you know what else was associated with Miasma Theory? The Bird Man plauge doctor, just like the 2015 "you're all dead" video.
The word miasma comes from ancient Greek and means "pollution". And then we have Covid-19 and pollution.
The idea also gave rise to the name malaria (literally "bad air") through medieval Italian.
Malaria? What? Crazy? Aren't there debunked studies about Malaria drugs working on COVID-19? Nah. Must be fake news. Right? Or fake facts. Or is it fake news reporting fake facts? I'm just so confused.
Does the strangeness end there? Sadly, it doesn't folks. Not at all. Not in this New Normal.
Because Mr. Bill Gates is trying to eradicate tuberculosis.
And, Hydrogen sulfide stimulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis respiration, growth
Back when I looked for information about the pandemic, I noticed something odd, the mortality rate for Covid-19 fluctuated depending on the region. Now I'm not a doctor, but you don’t have to be to read, do you? So I kept looking at the data for similarities. And they were there. Hypoxic or polluted water like lakes or coastlines. Cities with factory polluting emissions. They all led to outbrakes and higher mortality rates.
And then it changed. I saw ourbreak regions with low mortality rates. It didn't make sense, but there had to be a reason. There's always a reason. And as I kept looking at the similarities of low mortality rates something jumped out, a lot of them were still vaccinated for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
Yep.
But this is crazy talk Greek! You're just looking for dots and finding a way to connect them. It's just a coincidence that Bill Gates is funding AIDS prevention, an article exists that points out a therapy participant is close to a source of hydrogen sulfide emissions from a company that Billy has stock investments in, and that Billy also has a program to eradicate tuberculosis. Stop seeing patterns where they don't exist. You're freaking people out.
Crap. Perhaps you're right. Maybe I am freaking people out. But let me show you something else. It's something that I noticed about a month after this pandemic was shutting us down. And it didn't make any sense to me at the time. Ready?
www.pnas.org | BCG vaccine protection from severe coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19.
BCG? What's that?
www.sciencedaily.com | Preliminary study suggests tuberculosis vaccine may be limiting COVID-19 deaths.
And then the studies started backing it up. Even betteworse, they linked it to Hydrogen Sulfide, endogenous not exogenous, but Hydrogen Sulfide is the same no matter if you breathe it in or produce it biologically.
So, yeah. Let's dig.

Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide stimulates Mycobacterium Tuberculosis respiration, growth, and pathogenesis.

In mammals, H2S elicits a biphasic, concentration-dependent mitochondrial response14, which can be cytotoxic or cytoprotective. For example, at high concentrations H2S reversibly inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)15–17. In contrast, at low concentrations H2S can serve as bioenergetic fuel to stimulate mitochondrial respiration without uncoupling of respiration. Link here

At high concentrations Hydrogen Sulfide can be cytotoxic and reversibly inhibit cytochrome c oxidase. We've followed the White Rabbit and now we're digging. Can't stop now. Won't stop now.

Defects involving genetic mutations altering cytochrome c oxidase (COX) functionality or structure can result in severe, often fatal metabolic disorders.

Disorders involving dysfunctional COX assembly via gene mutations include Leigh syndrome, cardiomyopathy, leukodystrophy, anemia, and sensorineural deafness**.Link here.

Anemia? Like, the Momento movie? Do I have amnesia now and I have to live my life backwards?
Hold on, don't freak out. You don't have amnesia. Self inflicted amnesia induced systemically via behaviorally manipulated echo chambers introduced systemically through social media electronic pathways? Possibly. But this is anemia, and that's another story.

Current management of COVID-19 is based on the premise that respiratory failure is the leading cause of fatalities (Zhou et al., 2020). Nevertheless, mounting evidence points to drastic systemic events taking place that contribute to accelerated COVID-19 pathogenesis. The “cytokine storm” is a notion that is reportedly hailed as the hallmark of the COVID-19 hyper-inflammatory state (Mehta et al., 2020). Consecutive studies linked COVID-19 related hyper-inflammation to systemic events including hypercoagulability, oxidative stress and altered iron metabolism. Mehta et al., 2020, Phua et al., 2020

Hyperinflammatory and altered iron metabolism. Following? Good.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been regarded as an infective-inflammatory disease, which affects mainly lungs. More recently, a multi-organ involvement has been highlighted, with different pathways of injury. A hemoglobinopathy, hypoxia and cell iron overload might have a possible additional role. Scientific literature has pointed out two potential pathophysiological mechanisms: i) severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2) interaction with hemoglobin molecule, through CD147, CD26 and other receptors located on erythrocyte and/or blood cell precursors; ii) hepcidin-mimetic action of a viral spike protein, inducing ferroportin blockage. Link Here.

Hypoxia? Where have I heard that before?

A dangerous symptom of the coronavirus that can cause a patient to fall unconscious or even die is known as hypoxia — when the body’s tissues do not receive enough oxygen. Dr. Richard Levitan, an emergency doctor working in New York City, wrote for the New York Times at the end of April that he has seen COVID-19 patients with “alarmingly low” oxygen levels, but no shortness of breath. He describes this as “silent hypoxia”. These patients had oxygen saturation levels as low as 50 per cent when normal levels are usually at 94 to 100 per cent at sea level, Levitan explained. These patients had oxygen saturation levels as low as 50 per cent when normal levels are usually at 94 to 100 per cent at sea level, Levitan explained.

Low oxygen levels. Dysregulates immune system. Are your They Live sunglasses on? Are plugged into the Matrix or hacking the Matrix?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Hydrogen sulfide stimulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis respiration + growth.

Tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for millions of deaths each year and several billion people are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb modulates host factors, such as endogenous gaseous signalling molecules, to persist in humans for decades. H2S has diverse biological functions, including modulation of immunity and cellular respiration. However, the role of H2S in TB is unclear. We found that mice deficient in H2S production are more resistant to Mtb infection than WT mice. Upon infection, Mtb increases host H2S, which suppresses central carbon metabolism and increases inflammation. Distribution of H2S-producing enzymes in human TB lungs showed that H2S is produced at the site of infection. These findings identify glycolysis and H2S-producing enzymes as targets for TB host-directed therapies.

Don't Freak Out like LeChic, but I don't think we're in Kansas anymore Dorothy.
Speaking of Kansas, do you remember the dust storm as the tornado blew in and swept Dorthy to Oz?
The “Godzilla” Saharan dust cloud over the US, explained:

Dust clouds originate in the Sahara, the largest desert in the world outside the poles, and the Sahel, just south of the Sahara. Much of the dust originates in the Bodélé Depression in Chad, an ancient dry lake bed at the threshold of the Sahara and the Sahel. There, convective storms in the early summer whip the dry ground and loft particles of silica, iron, and phosphorous as high as 20,000 feet into the sky. Link Here

And then we have this:

Residents wear face masks to protect themselves from the Saharan dust clouds covering Dakar, Senegal. N95 masks and even surgical masks can help protect people from getting sick from the dust. Breathing dust can trigger problems like asthma attacks and worsen conditions like heart disease. But particles from natural sources can pose some unique threats. “Desert soil can also be contaminated with bacteria and fungal spores or with toxic heavy metal,” Achakulwisut said. “For example, in the US Southwest, dust episodes there have been linked to outbreaks of Valley Fever and arsenic poisoning.” Link Here

Contaminated with bacteria. Guaranteed Anaerobic bacteria. And it carries along metallic compounds. Like this:

**A 2001 study in Limnology and Oceanography suggested that the seasonal windfalls of iron-rich Saharan dust become a banquet for red tides, blooms of algae that spill into the ocean like dye, deplete it of oxygen, and release toxins. Dust clouds can also host unwelcome stowaways. Jun 24, 2020 Link Here.

Red tides. Blooms of algae. Or rather perhaps, Cyanobacteria blooms? All in a dust storm. Maybe we should start wearing masks, right? Don't want to breathe in toxic dust, do we?

But Snake Park is no paradise. For decades the residents have lived with the mine, which they say blows clouds of dust into their homes. Now Snake Park, formally known as Doornkop, is in the sub-district with the highest number of Covid-19 infections in Gauteng. Last week, Gauteng Premier David Makhura linked “cluster outbreaks” on mines, and people moving between them and where they live, to the Covid-19 infections in the western part of Soweto. In 2017, the Bench Marks Foundation, a nonprofit that monitors multinational corporations, released the results of a survey of household health in four mine-affected areas in Soweto. Mine tailings contain heavy metals and chemicals and cause various illnesses, including mental health issues and Down’s Syndrome. The report found that more than two thirds of the respondents in Snake Park complained about respiratory problems, including persistent coughs, sinus issues, asthma and tuberculosis. This year, the August dust storms in Snake Park will coincide with the expected peak of Covid-19 infections in Gauteng.

“We can’t breathe well. This mine is very dangerous. It’s toxic,” Phongoma says, adjusting his bright blue mask. Looking at the mine dump, now glistening in the afternoon sun, he adds: “It’s a bomb. It’s a nuclear weapon — and with this Covid-19 thing, it’s going to explode.” Link Here

Stranger and stranger, isn’t it? So strange that I would venture to say, Stranger Things haven't happened. You might want to read Flatten the Curve Part 39, and what I wrote about Turkmenistan and wearing masks for toxic dust. Link Here
So where are we now? Knowwhere or nowhere? Are you a nobody or a knowbody? Is this picture that I'm painting connecting enough dots for everyone? Does anticipating mass riots in protest of the upcoming environmental collapse, and the wars for natural resources along with it, make the centralization of the economy plus the mass surveillance system make more sense? The masks and facial detection AI improvements? Does ID2020, another Billy Boy project make more sense? The upcoming robotic automation of the workforce? The curtailing of civil rights? Heck, what about the Bill Gates endorsement of impossible meats and the sudden push to vegetarianism? Remember the meat plant shutdowns? Rotting organic matter and Hydrogen Sulfide?
Please remember, Hydrogen Sulfide outgassing is pretty consistent across past Extinction Level Events. Does this mean that all hope is lost? Puhlease. Hope flows abundant. We shut Pandora's Box before hope could escape, remember?
Let me leave you with one final thought. Words matter. Look them up. They know what's happening. They know all of this. The words they use hide it in plain sight.
I've written about Bill's fortuitous investment strategy. How he seemed to hit all the right stocks as the pandemic and environmental collapse strikes. It's mostly hidden in shell companies after shell companies, but it has to start somewhere. And it does. He owns Cascade Investment L.L.C. Link Here
Which: Oct. 22, 2014 · A subsidiary of Cascade Investments LLC, which oversees the Gates fortune, is buying thousands of acres of land in north Florida. Link Here
And what does Cascade mean? Let's look?
cascade (n.)

"a fall or flow of water over a cliff, a waterfall," 1640s, from French cascade (17c.), from Italian cascata "waterfall," from cascare "to fall," from Vulgar Latin casicare, frequentative of Latin casum, casus, past participle of cadere "to fall" (from PIE root kad- "to fall"). cascade (n.) a succession of stages or operations or processes or units;

To prepare. To fall. Interesting choice for a name.

Meteor showers occur when the earth bowls through a dense stream of debris left in the wake of a comet, asteroid, or other space-borne object. Depending on where you look, you may encounter fewer meteors, however. Viewers in the Northern Hemisphere will see shooting stars emanate from the shower’s “radiant” point in the southern sky, meaning the best meteors with the longest tails will be most readily visible in the east and west. A much more spectacular meteor shower — among the year’s most prolific — will pepper the skies with a spattering of bright shooting stars and “fireballs” come mid-August. The Perseid meteor shower peaks the night of Tuesday, Aug. 11. Dozens of shooting stars could be visible beneath a clear sky every hour. Perseid meteors zip across the sky at 37 miles per second. Their diaphanous tails can appear white, orange, yellow, pink, turquoise and even violet, lingering in the sky for a few seconds. The rainbow spectrum of colors come from the combustion of magnesium, sodium and iron. Link Here

Pepper the skies with fireballs. Fall from the skies.

Comet 67P's rotten-egg smell comes from hydrogen sulfide, and the horse-stable odor comes from ammonia. These scents are blended with the fainter almond smell of hydrogen cyanide, the vinegarlike odor of sulphur dioxide and the sweet-smelling scent of carbon disulphide, researchers said. Link Here

Hnmm. It definitely sounds like Bill was getting ahead of the curve before we started to Flatten the Curve, by being a good student and getting prepared before the hoarders bought up all the toilet paper for the upcoming SHTF event.
Wouldn't you agree? Are these all coincidence, or should we pay more attention?
They want us to Keep Calm and Carry On. When do people tell you to remain calm? When you start to panic. So do you really think they would tell us the truth and deal with panicking masses? Or do you think they would hide it?
Hide it in plain sight?
Keep your head up and eyes open. Talk soon.

I'm stuck in a dark place...and I need some advice. Please

It took alot for my boyfriend to write this, so I helped him, and I hope someone can give some advice or just a read, is all I ask. This is his story....
I was born in California, and me and my family moved to NY when I was barely a year old. My family being my grandparents, their 3 children (my mom and 2 uncles) and myself. My dad was killed before we moved...he was only 16. I wish he was here til this very day, and maybe my life wouldnt be as fucked up as it is. But I cant blame anyone but myself for my actions.
Anyway, I was basically raised by my grandparents up until my younger teens and my grandmother played a very important role in my life. So did my grandfather. Not saying my mother or uncles didnt but my grandparents raised me basically.
I grew up in a small decent town. Always was told I was smart and hung out with the older crowd. Was a quiet kid. I dropped out in 11th grade and got my GED. Why? Dont ask me...a couple of my good friends had dropped out at the time and I think I wanted to follow them. Probably one of the first big mistakes of my life. I dont know why I dropped out, I never failed a grade or anything at that point in life, and actually was blessed to be very smart and could of basically successfully taken any route in life I put my mind to. But instead I dropped out and started running the streets thinking it was cool at the time. Drinking, throwing parties, going to the studio (writing and making music has always been a passion) and just doing reckless teenager shit.
Out of all the friends I had, I was very close to 6 of them. 6 of those friends whom I considered brothers who always had my back as I did theirs. I started smoking weed when I was 16 and drank here and there but at the time weed was my drug of choice...
Right before my 17th birthday I tried some coke, and it became a party drug for me. I would smoke weed everyday, and drink on the weekends doing coke with friends. I was always able to keep some type of income coming in, and moved out when I was about 22 after i met the love of my life who I'm with til this very day. We had got a place in town, and not long after got a car. Life was good.
At this point in time, I started to make decisions I didnt know was going to effect me til this day, 11 years later. Shortly after, me and her got our own place. I started selling coke to keep some money flowing when I wasnt working. She didnt necessarily approve of it, but the money I was bringing in was good. She also didnt know I was using coke, I always kept it from her because shes a mirror of me. I didnt want to see such a beautiful woman doing that type of shit. Especially the one I loved.
We were living in that place for about 2 years.
One night at the new place me and one of the 6 friends I basically considered a brother were playing dice in my kitchen with my other 5 friends. We'll call him T. Me and T were rolling dice, betting, having a good time......until the stakes got high, and tensions rose. We ended up having some words over a bet, and almost faught. We almost faught because I had him up so high, and he had still owed me $300 I let him borrow the previous week to give his son a good birthday and I just felt he was trying to get over on me. The air got thick, and I brought it up how I felt like he was trying to play me and we ended up arguing resulting in me throwing him out in front of our 5 other good friends. 10 minutes later I started to feel bad (idk why but I have a good heart even when ppl fuck me over) I called him because I was going to apologize and go pick him back up but he didnt answer. Oh well.
2 nights later....
I pulled up to the gas station to grab some gas, at about 1am. As I pulled up to the pump I noticed my mom also pulling in, parking into a parking space further from my car. As she got out and didnt notice I was at the pump I ran over to her as she was about to walk into the store.
"Hey what's up mom, what you doing out this late?" "Oh hey, I'm just grabbing some cigarettes for tmrw, im almost out" "Can I use your lighter" I asked...i wanted to light my blunt i had in the car. "Yeah" she says as she reaches in her pocket, looking towards her car. "Here just buy one, I think I left mine home, I have to get going" She handed me a 20 dollar bill and ran to her car and pulled off. As she was pulling away I'm thinking, what the hell? That was odd. At that point I knew something was up. But didnt know what. I shook it off.
I got gas, I left the gas station and went home. I smoked my blunt when I got home and my phone went off...it was one of my licks (someone who was a frequent buyer). She asked if i would trade her a ball for her script of Oxy 10s. At the time I knew those sold just as good, if not better, than the coke. And the script was a 90 count. I sold balls for 150 and I knew I could sell that script for 450 if not more. That wasnt even a question for me. Told her to bring em, I hooked her up and she she went on her way.
That following weekend I remember coming home, opening my drawer, going into my stash and doing one more line, after a long night of partying. I sat in the kitchen and finished a drink I poured as I tried to come down. I went to bed and tossed and turned, and after a night of coke and ciroc, the room kept spinning and I just couldn't sleep. I got up and went in my cupboard to get some tylenol PM when I seen the oxy bottle. I thought, you know what. I'm gunna pop one of these bad boys, I bet that will get me some sleep. Opened the bottle, slid one out, grabbed some water and swallowed one. I sat in my living room and turned on my ps3, and played COD until I felt the effects.
About 45 minutes into playing, I noticed not only did my comedown come WAY down, I felt good. Really good. Next thing you know its 9am and my girls waking me up on the couch. I had fell asleep with the controller in my hands.
At this point I started using the oxys to come down everytime I sniffed coke. And that was probably 3 times a week.
I got a phone call at about 3am later that week from one of the 6 friends I considered a brother. We're going to call him J. J called me and was frantic. I could hear in his voice he was scared, very scared. I asked what the hell is wrong man? What's going on???? He says, "listen me and my girl just got into a big fight. She kicked me out and now I'm walking the streets. I have no where to go and have warrants man please pick me up and let me stay over just for tonight." I told him without a doubt, went and picked him up and let him stay in my studio. (I had put about 7,000 towards a home studio which I had a room dedicated to which also had a twin bed off to the corner.)
Me and him went into the studio, talked about his problems, I tried to ease him, we smoked and I went to bed.
The next day I got up, went in the studio, and he was gone. I picked up the phone dialed his number, and he answered.
"Where did you go??" I asked.
"I had one of these guys I know picked me up to get a couple things from my house but I'm on my way back right now, he wants to know if he can buy a ball" he says.
"I dont know him bro, you know how we get down, I mean if you trust him, you can give it to him and just pay me but I dont know him" I said.
"Ok I'm on the way" he replied. 10 minutes later he shows up, I look out the window and theres like 3 ppl in the car. He got out by himself, came upstairs, I give him the ball, he gives me the money and he goes straight into the bathroom. 5 minutes go by, I knock on the bathroom door, ask if hes alright, "yeah coming out now " he replied. He dapped me up coming out of the bathroom, said hed be back, and left.... I didnt hear from him all day.
That night I picked my girl up from work at 11pm. I pulled into my driveway, we both came upstairs. "SHIT" my girl says. "I still have the keys for the med box on me, I need to go back and drop them off for the next shift, I'm not supposed to bring them home" I gave her the car keys and she bolted out the door in a rush "Be right back babe" she says. Not even 30 seconds after she walked out the door, there was a knock....
Not even thinking to check out the window to see who it was, I figured it was her to run back in and grab her cellphone she had forgotten, so I unlocked the dead bolt and opened the door. Boy was I wrong....
As I opened the door, all I could remember was staring into a set of eyes behind a ski mask as he quickly began to choke me. He choked me until I literally couldnt breathe and threw me backwards, into my glass coffee table. As I laid there in broken glass, I tried to get up as quick as I can as he went for the door to shut and lock it back up when he turned around and grabbed me. We wrestled around for a couple seconds in glass and he gained a full mount on top of me, choking me again. He was saying "dont try anything stupid or you're dead, pulled out a machete and put it to my throat. As I sat there bleeding from the glass, sweating, breathing as hard as I ever did, I stared in his as and nodded my head yes. At this point I knew I was going to die if I kept trying to fight back. So I started to comply. Remind you, I'm in sweats, my gun is under my couch cushion, and all I'm thinking is "just work with him, get him calm, and go for the gun". As I shook my head to imply I'm surrendering, he says, "I just want the coke. Give me the coke and I wont kill you" "where is it" he says, as hes looking towards the kitchen as if he knew it was somewhere in there. He put the machete back to my throat and says "sit Indian style with your hands behind your back" at this point I knew he was going to kill me, and the way he looked in the kitchen where the coke was, I thought this was someone that already knew where it was. I didnt recognize his voice, so I'm thinking someone tipped him off and this was a set up.
As soon as he ordered me to sit Indian style with my hands behind my back, I got up as quick as I could and went for my gun.
We started wrestling again.
He was much stronger than I was, and after a couple blows as he gained control, he was back in the dominant position. He told me to get on my stomach as he took his machete and put it to the back of my head as he started flipping my couch cushion. He found the gun, grabbed it, and started laughing. He cocks it back, made sure one was in the chamber, and goes "if you try some silly shit like that again I'll blow your head off. Now stay still"
As I laid there on my stomach, he started opening closets. The second one he opened was in the hallway where I kept my towels and other miscellaneous crap. He grabbed a towel, and some clear masking tape I had in there, used his machete to cut the towel in half vertically, tied my hands behind my back, along with with my feet, all together, in a hog tie sort of style and dragged me to the kitchen. At this point I thought I was done. In my head I'm saying my prayers and started to tear up. This was my last night of my life I'm thinking. He found the coke, did a giant line in front of me, and put the rest in his pocket. About $800 worth I had left that he took. He then proceeded to drag me into my bedroom and started going through the closet and all my drawers. I just sat there, tied up in silence. He found a few more hundred dollars I had in the drawer along with mine and my girls ID. He knelt down and shoved my girls ID in my face.
"Do you wanna see her ever again?" He yells.
I yelled, "please, just go man, you got what you came here for"
He replies, "if she shows up right now, you know I have no choice but to kill the both of you right?"
"Just go man, please" I uttered. Knowing her job was only 5 minutes away, and about 15 minutes had passed, I knew she was bound to show up at any second.
"PLEASE IM BEGGING YOU TO JUST LEAVE DUDE" I implied, still hogtied, bloody, and shaking.
"I want you to count to 60, and do not get up until you count to 60. I wanna hear you count out loud. If you try any funny shit you're dead."
"Ok, ok" I replied.
He ran out the room as I started to count. As I got to 20, I started to get up and tried to untied myself as I was still counting when he ran back into the room suddenly and boom.....
I woke up to my girlfriend on top of me sobbing, screaming, "WAKE UP PLEASE!!!!" Slapping me.
I'm disoriented. Everything's a blur. As I started to come to, my girlfriend was balling her eyes out. She started hugging me, asking me frantically what had happened. I noticed my left eye was swollen shut. My glasses were gone. And I had a lump on my temple the size of a golf ball.
He hit me, I thought to myself.
He must have hit me with something other than his fist with the damage I had to the side of my face.
"Thank you" I kept repeating to my girlfriend. "Thank you baby". She looked at me confused as hell and says, "for what?!? What the hell happened ?!?"
"Thank you for not coming home when that happened. I just got set up and if you would of walked in that door, we both would of had a bullet with our name on it with my own gun." I said.
I explained to her what had happened and we both decided to leave that night. Not knowing who, how or what necessarily just happened I was confused. I needed to get away and think straight.
Who did this to me? Who set me up? Why would this happen, I try to show everyone extra love with all my power who the hell would do this to me?
I had a couple things in mind, a couple people on my radar as you might have had as well reading this, but I didnt know for certain. I had to do some digging.
That night we packed and left to stay with my uncle until we could find another place.
I got a phone call not long after this had happened and it wasnt good. My grandmother....she was sick. My mom had called me and told me we were all going to her drs appointment the next day because shes getting tested and stuff for cancer.
Oh my god. Cancer. I immediately started praying in tears.
The next day the family went to the hospital with her. Impatiently waiting in that room beside her bed with my mother and grandfather, as the doctor came back in. The look on his face told it all. I let out a yell from deep inside of me.
"NO, PLEASE TELL ME NO" I yelled.
"I'm sorry" the doctor says. "The mass in your lungs, is cancer'
My grandfather let out a scream I've never heard before. "Jesus christ, please tell me different " he says My mother started crying her eyes out. I couldnt believe it. I look over at my grandmother and she was staring at the ceiling. Calm. Her eyes started to water as she looked over at us, and says "it's okay, please stop crying, its ok" Growing up, my grandmother has always been the strongest person I knew. And she was the calmest one in the room at that very moment.
As time went on, I moved into my grandparents and vouched to take care of her, as her health deteriorated over time, and eventually got put on hospice.
I will never forget the day she went. She was very sick that day. Kept going in and out of it, and wasnt acting normal at all. I called my mother and told her. My mother rushed over along with my uncles and sisters, and as soon as everyone sat in the living room with my grandmother in her recliner, she put her head down and passed. It's as if she was waiting for everyone to get there to go. As she put her head down the room filled with this unexplainable air. Everyone started crying, as I walked over to her, kissed her on the forehead and told her I loved her and grabbed her hand and couldnt let go as my eyes are pouring tears.
I will always remember the night before she passed. I kept a baby monitor in my room and one in hers, everytime I heard her at night struggling or anything out of the ordinary I would rush to her room and make sure she was ok. The night before she passed, I'm laying in bed and I heard her over the monitor trying her all to say something. I rushed into her room and asked if everything was okay. She looked at me and struggled to get enough air in her lungs to say, "i.....love....you...very....much.....thank....you....baby" I grabbed her hand and tried not to cry and told her, "dont thank me grandma, that's what I'm here for. To make sure you're okay" she smiled and gripped my hand tight. I kissed her on the forehead and told her I loved her. Not knowing she was going to pass that next day.
This is starting to get very hard for me to write so I'm going to wrap it up.
Basically the night I seen my mom at the gas station and she was acting weird...well I found out she was with T. Yeah, the T I called my brother growing up. I think he felt some type of way the night we fought in front of our friends, or maybe he felt embarrassed. Embarrassed to the point where he wanted revenge. They got together and are still together til this day. I beat myself up time and time again, always remembering that night we were rolling dice betting, and always say to myself, damn it, why cant you ever be more humble with people. Especially your friends, it didnt have to go down like that and you didnt have to kick him out and embarrass him in front of everyone. It's something I beat myself up about everyday. The way I get with people when I feel betrayed.
Today I have major trust issues and always have my guard up. I tend to not let anyone in anymore.
Oh....and The guy who ran up in my house....I got set up by J. My other boy I called "brother". I guess the day I called him after he left when he said he had a lick, that's who it was for. It was for the guy that took my pride and robbed me in my own house. The guy that ran up in my house and tied me up.
Remember when I said J went into the bathroom after i gave him the coke that day? Well he went in there to cut it. He cut the ball so bad, it was basically all fake when he went and served the guy up, and the guy pressed J about it, and J told him everything; Where my coke was, what my girls work schedule was like, etc., so this guy can plot on me and come at the right time when I was alone. He was outside the whole time waiting for me to get back home that night and when my girl left, that was his opportunity.
I'm trying to go into as much detail as I can but this is not only a struggle to write about, but is getting long and I want this to be read. I need help.
I basically turned to what i knew at the time made me feel best, and those were the oxys. I really started abusing them until it came to the point where I either couldn't find them anymore or they were too expensive and at this point I'm withdrawaling. At which point I started sniffing heroin, and now i have a powder fentanyl habit that's high as the sky. Each and every time I get high, thinking and grieving. Wishing I could turn back time.
I can say a few things tho. Thank god I'm terrified, literally terrified of needles or i probably would have shot up a long time ago. And I thank god I'm still alive. Out of the past few years of me sniffing fentanyl, I overdosed 1 time, and if it wasnt for my girl hearing me fall on the kitchen floor at midnight waking her, I would of died on that floor that night. They had to bring me back to life that night.
I've pushed the little family I have away over this bullshit, and my life is in shambles. I've considered suicide a few times in my life throughout this hell journey but never had the balls to do it and always remind myself I'm better than this.
Today I'm currently laying down in my room in rehab. I'm 20 days clean, for the first time since I started popping oxys 5years ago. But it's hard. Very hard. I dont know what to do when I get out and I'm scared. Any words of motivation or advice would be appreciated. I know this was a long one and it was very hard to write and this probably wont get read because its so long, and probably isn't even 35% of what I've gone through in my life, but I just want to open up about this. Something I've never done as a quiet humble person. I'd need to write a book if I wrote about everything. Things that movies are made from. I'm still alive and I know it's for a reason.
If you got this far, thank you for taking the time to at least read about some of my journey and any words of advice, courage, or wisdom will be much appreciated. I lost everyone, and the only one helping me til this day is my girl and my mom. Everyone else that truly cared I pushed away during this time.
I'm lost and just want my life back. I know I'm better than this but I'm losing hope by the day.
Reminding you, this is my boyfriend of 11 years' story. He wrote it, I posted it. I help him write as well....and encouraged him to tell this story.

I used to work in a call center and badgered people to sign up for things they didn’t need. I made a call the other day that I’ll never forget.

When I graduated from college, I have to tell you, I never thought I would only be able to find work as a telemarketer with Stixby’s Lawn and Garden, a large landscaping conglomerate hell-bent on weed-whacking and rototilling as much of the Midwest as they could handle. Every Stixby’s customer was to get a free ceramic lawn gnome crafted in Mr. Stixby’s bearded image. The man was egotistical to say the least, and had an infatuation with becoming the god of lawn care.
My duty was to cold call people and businesses in order to drum up sales out of nowhere, which about as well as you would expect. Our computer system was outdated, and it tended to pull from an old, infrequently updated database akin to the white pages. I’d go through all kinds of prompts trying to ascertain if the person I called had a yard in need of weeding, mulching, or other general landscaping. It was about as mind-numbingly boring as you would expect, and my ear would often ache from rubbing against the cheap headset connected to my work phone.
I tended to hope that most callers wouldn’t answer. It was a lot easier to just rattle off a script on their voicemail and move on. I had been working there for two to three months, and wasn’t really worried about job security as I was still looking for something I could do with my communications degree.
I had about an hour left on the clock before I could go to lunch, so I rang up my next victim, Mr. Gibbons, and messed around on the new cell phone I had just bought. After three to four rings, my hopes were dashed as I heard a crackle of static on the other end. There was a roaring sound in the background, and I assumed that maybe Mr. Gibbons had just answered his phone at work.
“Y’ellooo?” From the hard accent, I could tell I was talking to someone from the South.
“Hi, is this Mr. Gibbons?” I tended to lead with a customer’s name before introducing myself. It gave me the chance to confirm their identity before they would most likely hang up on me.
“Mr. Gibbons? Mr. Gibbons? Oh, he’s kind of here, but not entirely in one piece. Hold on, I’ll grab his ear.”
I thought this was an odd exchange, but the only people who tended to answer the phone for an unknown number during the middle of the day tended to be elderly folk or people who were just lonely. There were plenty of times I would attempt to sell someone a service only to be stuck on the phone for 15 minutes hearing about a friend or loved one who had recently passed. I’d bite my tongue hoping it would end in a sale, but it usually didn’t. So I waited for Mr. Gibbons. At the very worst, I would be a feel minutes closer to lunch, and I was getting hungry.
I heard some shuffling on the other end, and what sounded like something being dragged across the receiver. “Mr. Gibbons?” I asked.
The other voice came back, hollering a bit and laughing. “The darn thing don’t seem to work anymore,” he said.
“You mean the phone? I can hear you just fine.”
“No pal, his ear.”
It was a weird thing to say, but I also felt like I was getting the run-around from someone who had been drinking. I couldn’t really blame the guy. In a world where we don’t have that much control of our surroundings, sometimes it feels good to screw with an anonymous caller trying to sell you unsolicited garbage.
“Well, if Mr. Gibbons is preoccupied, may I ask who I’m speaking with?”
“Eddie!” the man said enthusiastically.
“And are you a friend or relative of Mr. Gibbons?”
“Wouldn’t say that. I just kind of decided to saunter myself in here. You ever get that feeling Johnny Boy?”
“What kind of feeling?”
“Like just going into someone else’s home and seeing what trouble you can get into.”
I paused. Something was beginning to feel very off about this phone call. It also had just dawned on me that I had never given Eddie my name which was in fact, John. My parents used to call me Johnny Boy. I tried to not get freaked out by the coincidence. After all, it might have just been a form of Southern slang I wasn’t familiar with. Johnny was one of the most common names in the world, and Johnny Boy could have just been a figure of speech.
I tried to stay neutral. “What do you mean, Eddie?”
“Well, I mean that I’ve been through this neighborhood before, ya see? And I know Mr. Gibbons here is… how would ya say it, lackadaisical with his sense of security.”
I started to grip the edge of my desk and saw my knuckles grow white. Was Eddie an intruder? I didn’t know what to do. My training had never covered anything like this. Pieces of the conversation from earlier were starting to come back to me. Oh, he’s kind of here, but not entirely in one piece.
“Eddie, is Mr. Gibbons hurt or injured?”
“Oh Johnny Boy, hurt? Injured? No, I cut Mr. Gibbons into ribbons!” Eddie burst out laughing, a laugh so deafening I had to take off my headset. I heard the distant sound of choking on the other end. My hands were shaking. I lurched forward in my seat and felt my shirt clinging to my back with sweat. I put the headset back on my head even though everything in my mind was screaming to just end the call.
“Why didjah think I was holding his damn ear up to the phone, Kimosabe?” Eddie said.
“I’m g-g-gonna…” I stammered, “I’m gonna call the police.”
“Johnny.” The voice became serious. “Have you ever taken a chainsaw to someone before? It wasn’t what I thought it would be like, ya know? It was mostly smooth sailing, but ya see, I got it caught in his shoulder blade, and that sound was HORRIBLE! He was screamin’ and screamin’ of course, but the grind of this rusty saw blade on that hard bone. It was like listening to a pig squeal!”
“Jesus Christ,” I breathed. I was feeling light-headed. My stomach was in knots.
“Oh Johnny Boy, I can tell I’m losin’ ya. Losin’ ya like when I cut into all those veins and arteries and saw Mr. Gibbons just empty out in seconds. I will tell you, you can not imagine the mess here. I have to lift my boots so they don’t stick to the goddamn floor!”
I started dialing 911 on my cell phone. Even in my state of shock, I realized the best thing I could do was keep him talking while the police came, that he would get caught. That if all of this was a sick joke or prank, someone wouldn’t be able to do it to someone else again.
“So here’s what we can do, Johnny. I know you’re a smidge upset that Mr. Gibbons ain’t around. But Mrs. Gibbons-“
Oh Jesus. I had no idea if other people could be in danger, how many were in the house. I felt so completely and utterly powerless on the end of a $15 dollar headset, miles away from where all of this was happening.
“Eddie, whatever you do-“
I heard the faint buzz of my 911 call break through. I muted my headset. “911, what is your emergency?”
“Yes, I need to report a potential m-m-murder, home invasion…” The words all came out so fast that I bit my lip, tripped over my own goddamn teeth trying to get it all out as my voice trembled. I could hear Eddie’s heavy footsteps traversing through the household in my headset.
“Now Mrs. Gibbons is here and I bet she would have A LOT to say if she weren’t bound under all this duct tape!”
I could hear muffled screaming. I rattled off the address to the operator, who was trying her best to calm me down and failing.
I’m a gent, a true gent,” Eddie said, “But I’m startin’ to think it might be best if Mr. Gibbons wern’t the only one going to greener pastures. Whatdya think, Johnny Boy?”
I unmuted my headset. “Please, Eddie, don’t hurt anyone else.” I was on the verge of tears. The operator could also hear all of this, and I could hear several expletives as she started to panic at her station. It was like witnessing a car crash in slow motion, but in this case, all we could do was listen.
“Oh, Johnny Boy, sometimes you just have to finish what you start.” I heard the chainsaw whirring. I yelled for him to stop. Begged. But all I could hear was the deafening whine of the blade squealing as it bit into Mrs. Gibbons.
I threw my headset off and threw up into my waste basket.
———————————————————————
That night, I was called into the police station. An officer had contacted me to get my side of the events, as they had a lot of questions. I complied, full of bitterness, as I did not want to ever relive the events of that call again. I slowly pushed a half-empty cup of coffee around on the table as he asked me questions. The officer passed a black and white copy of a news article over to me from a local paper. I glanced at the headline – Local Couple Found Dead in Grisly Murder.
“Jeez, aren’t they pushing this out a little fast?” I said. The officer gave me a look that I’ll never forget.
“Look there at the date.”
I did, and what I saw rattled me. The article was dated October 1st, yes, the day that this had happened, but October 1st, 2019.
“I don’t… I don’t understand…” I said.
He gave me a sad look. “I don’t either.”
———————————————————————
Because the case had not been his, the police officer had to go into the archives to figure out what had happened. And what he told me is impossible to forget.
He explained the facts of the situation to me, as best as they had been able to make sense of something that clearly made no sense. There had, indeed, been an outgoing call from my work phone to what used to be the number of the Gibbons residence. However, that phone line had been disconnected shortly after the murder had taken place in 2019. Now, I had said earlier that our work database was horrendous, and that numbers frequently went un-updated for years, meaning we would often call and be told that someone no longer lived there or that it was a wrong number.
When the police arrived at the address I had given, they found no murder scene, and instead, startled an elderly couple who had unknowingly purchased the house for cheap without knowing a grisly murder had occurred there a year before.
They had found both Mr. and Mrs. Gibbons’ mutilated bodies, yes. But they had never found the killer and it became a cold case. However, when they fully searched the house that day, they went into the basement and noticed a horrible smell coming from one of the walls. The homeowners thought it was a dead animal trapped somewhere.
They took a sledgehammer to the wall, and found a crawl space that had been closed up some time ago. Inside the space was a corpse, ripe with decay. Written on the walls in dried blood, blood that was found by forensics to at least be a year old, were the words JOHNNY BOY over and over again.
The operator verified that she had heard the same voice as me in the Gibbons household. They didn’t have an exact date of death on the body, but I have a feeling, just a feeling, he died sometime around October of 2019.
How had investigators ever known about the Gibbons murder? There had been a phone call made to 911 on October 1st, 2019, only that time, they couldn’t pull the number. Maybe because the number, my number, didn’t exist yet. A male had called in, but the only words they could hear were the words, murder, home invasion. Gibbons House.
———————————————————————
I went home and took some sedatives to knock myself out and sleep, desperate to forget everything that had transpired. Around the middle of the night, I heard my phone ring. I didn’t dare answer it.
This morning, I finally looked and saw that there was a 30 second voicemail waiting for me. It was from the disconnected Gibbons number.
I didn’t want to listen to it. I really didn’t want to listen to it. But I did.
There were five seconds of silence, and then, almost barely audible, was a voice crooning the words, “Johnny Boy, oh Johnny Boy. I hope we meet again, and I hope it’s real sooooooon.”
I no longer work at Stixby’s Lawn and Garden Emporium.
I no longer own a phone.
And I think I’m going to take a nice, long vacation.

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I occasionally see people respond to my weekly Upcoming Releases posts with comments like “it's just a buncha' shovelware”, and I don't think people realize the potential in some of the games they're dismissing. And especially with Nintendo stepping back from their regular Nintendo Directs, I think there's likely to be a fair number of Switch players asking themselves, “so now what?”
Because of this, before we jump into the next month, I'm going through the list of upcoming games for that month that we know about, and highlighting the ones that have a strong chance of being worth paying attention to, as well as a brief snippet about the game explaining why it's worth watching.
I will specifically only be highlighting games that have a reasonably strong pedigree, or that are otherwise particularly noteworthy in some way beyond “this looks good, it could be interesting...”. This means that I'll likely be mentioning a lot of ports, as it's easier to know a game will likely be good if it was already good on another platform (I'm including games that scored 75 or higher on Metacritic on other platforms, 80% positive or higher on Steam, and/or 4 or higher rating on Google Play store). I'll also mention games whose developer has a decent track record for producing quality.
Oh, and before getting into the games, I should note that this is just the list we have available right now – there are likely to be new games announced after this list comes out, as well as games on this list that get delayed. Also, I should note that this is not a list of the only games worth getting on the Switch this month – just the ones that I feel can be backed up with more than just “feels” given what we know now. And of course, since these games aren't released yet, I obviously can't know they're good, they just look promising.
Two more things – Firstly, last month saw me missing a bunch of games that ended up getting good Metacritic scores (this after I listed nearly 30 games in my predictions!). While some of these, like Hades and Ori and the Will of the Wisps, had not been previously announced to release in that month, others like Hotshot Racing were games I dismissed because their developer didn't have an established history behind them. With this being the case, I'm going to test-drive something new I'll call “Buzz Picks”. This is not a prediction that the game will be good (because I still don't have anything to go on), but if a game has gained a lot of attention and doesn't have anything going against it (developer with a poor track record, low review scores in other versions, etc.), or a muddled track record, I'll list it with this tag to note that it's definitely a game to keep your eye on. And when I tally results, these “Buzz picks” will be counted as neutral toward my prediction score – I won't count it as a correct prediction if they turn out being great, but won't deduct points if they turn out terrible. That's fair, right?
Secondly, I'm going to stop checking every release that gets announced after I post this list to look for games to add to this list as the month goes on. It's exhausting to keep doing this, and I'm honestly not sure how many people even see it. If a game gets announced that's clearly a good bet, I'll add it, but I'm not going to count any late-announced games that fall through the cracks in my end-of-month tally.
Anyway, on to the list!
10/1 – Hot Shot Burn (Trailer) (No Metacritic score as of 10/10) – This game went overlooked by critics when it released on PC earlier this year, but it has a fantastic 97% positive rating from its 75 user reviews on Steam. This is a top-down arena combat party game.
10/1 – Super Mario Bros. 35 (Trailer) (Metacritic Score: 75) – This free-to-play Nintendo Switch Online-exclusive will only be available until the end of this upcoming March, but for the time it's available, it promises to be fantastic, mixing the gameplay of the legendary NES classic Super Mario Bros. with the “battle royale”-style concept we saw implemented in Tetris 99.
10/1 – Ys Origin (Trailer) (Metacritic Score: 79) – This Action-RPG originally released on PC in 2012 and has subsequently been ported to multiple other platforms, each time seeing its Metacritic score improve, ranging from 76 to 81. This is a prequel to the long-running Ys series that critics have praised for its retro style, great story, and wonderful soundtrack, and there's little reason to think it'll fare any worse on the Nintendo Switch, especially with top-notch publisher Dotemu handling the port.
10/3 – Quell (Trailer) (No Metacritic score as of 10/10) – This simple, unassuming Puzzle game with a placid theme may not seem like much, but its 2010 release on iOS got it a Metacritic score of 84, and it has a very positive steam rating of 98% with nearly 200 reviews. Those who enjoy chill Puzzle games may want to keep their eyes out for it.
10/5 – Space Grunts (Trailer) (No Metacritic score as of 10/10) – Mobile developer Orange Pixel's one game to get rated on Metacritic, Gunslugs 2, got a Metacritic score of 78. Meanwhile, this game currently has a 4.6 star rating on Google Play Store, with over 1300 user reviews. This is an Action-Heavy Roguelike Dungeon Crawler, and you can try the free version on your mobile device now if you want to get a feel for it (After trying it myself, I can definitely see potential here, but this game desperately needs a traditional controller).
10/8 – Filament (Trailer) (No Metacritic score as of 10/10) – This challenging Puzzle game was released on PC just a few months ago, getting a Metacritic score of 81. Critics praised it for its puzzle design and story, which has you connecting cables to equipment on a space station.
10/8 – Game Dev Tycoon (Trailer) (No Metacritic score as of 10/10) – This management sim made a name for itself when it was released on PC in 2013 for its humorous anti-piracy measures, although the game itself got a lukewarm reaction on Metacritic, scoring a low 68. Subsequently, the game's release on iOS in 2017 got a much better 89 on Metacritic, and the current user review score on Steam puts the game a massive 95% approval rating with nearly 30,000 reviews. The Nintendo Switch version touts some nice features too, like touchscreen support, as well as cross-platform saves.
9/8 – I Am Dead (Trailer) (Metacritic Score: 82) – I didn't list this in my predictions but I list it here for the sake of those looking at this article after the fact. This is a narrative puzzle game critics have praised for its distinctly British charm.
10/8 – Puddle Knights (Trailer) (No Metacritic score as of 10/10) – While it went largely overlooked when it released on PC earlier this year, Puddle Knights got a 100% positive rating from the 40+ users who reviewed the game on Steam. This is a character-based Puzzle game where you maneuver around knights with long capes to try to create a path so a noblewoman doesn't have to step in mud.
Announced on 10/2 - 10/9 – Ghost of a Tale (Trailer) (No Metacritic score as of 10/10) - Originally released on Xbox One in 2017 and subsequently released to other platforms, Ghost of a Tale has scored between 75-82 on Metacritic. This game is a stealth-focused action-RPG that has you playing as a mouse in a world inspired partly by the Nimh books.
10/13 – Robotics;Notes Double Pack (Trailer) – This is a pair of Digital Novel games in the same series as the highly-acclaimed Steins;Gate, with these stories following a young robotics designer who's inspired to work on a new project. For fans of the genre this is sure to be a game to keep your eyes out for.
Announced on 10/2 - 10/14 – Cook, Serve, Delicious! 3!? (Trailer) - The prior game in this series earned a Metacritic score of 85 on the Nintendo Switch, and there's little reason to think the sequel should fare any differently. As the name suggests, this is a game where players manage their own restaurants, right down to preparing all of the food themselves, all while customers are waiting and putting in their own unique orders. However, this sequel adds a tongue-in-cheek post-apocalyptic twist as you drive a food truck across war-town America a few decades in the future... and yet the game still seems more cheerful than 2020.
10/15 – Hardcore Mecha (Trailer) – This 2D Action game game first came out on the PC in 2019, but at the moment the PlayStation 4 version is the only version of the game to get a Metacritic score, getting 77. Critics praised its campaign and multiplayer modes, as well as how it pays homage to the Super Robot Wars series.
10/15 – Shantae: Risky's Revenge - Director's Cut (Trailer) – This remaster of the second game in WayForward's acclaimed Metroidvania series is finally coming to the Nintendo Switch. Review scores ranged from 74 to 85 on other platforms, so odds are good it'll be great on the Switch as well!
10/15 – Space Crew (Trailer) – After a delay from last month, this game is back on my list. This game is the successor to Bomber Crew, which got a Metacritic score of 75. Based on how Bomber Crew played, I'm guessing this one will have you controlling a spaceship by having you direct each member of the crew to control their own individual responsibility within the ship.
10/15 – The Jackbox Party Pack 7 (Trailer) – The Jackbox Party Pack series are all collections of party games that connect to a server online and have you log in with your phones as your controllers, using the touchscreen to input answers (and perhaps doodle) privately. Every game in the series on Switch has had a Metacritic score over 75 save for Party Pack 6, and hopefully that was just a fluke. With any luck this game will be a return to form for the series!
10/16 – Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit (Trailer) – The hordes of fans screaming for another Mario Kart game on the Nintendo Switch may not have meant this, but regardless this promises to be a unique spin on the highly-acclaimed series of cartoony racing games, letting you race using a real-life remote controlled car that interacts with the game, and drawing custom course layouts in your own home, yard, or driveway. Clear some space on the floor, lock away the pets, and get ready for Mario Kart like you've certainly never played it before...
10/22 – Supraland (Trailer) – This first-person puzzle adventure game doesn't look like much, but it won over critics on the PC, where it got a Metacritic score of 85.
10/23 – Supermarket Shriek (Trailer) – This silly racing game came out on Xbox One in 2019, where it got a Metacritic score of 76. Critics praised the game's silly sense of humor, fun level design, and good multiplayer.
10/23 – Transformers Battlegrounds (Trailer) – I'm usually a bit wary of licensed games (they can really go either way), but developer Coatsink has a good track record, with its game Shu getting excellent reviews (albeit on other platforms, not so much the Switch version) and none of their games having a Metacritic score below 72. What's more, this game does something I don't think we've seen with the Transformers property – it uses it for a turn-based Strategy-RPG. With any luck, they'll do justice both to the genre and the license.
10/27 – Dungreed (Trailer) – Another game delayed from last month. Critics largely overlooked this game but users thoroughly enjoyed, Dungreed's 2018 PC release has a 90% approval rating on Steam with 4575 reviews. This one looks to be a fast-paced action-platformer with RPG and Roguelike elements.
10/27 – Ghostrunner (Trailer) – “Buzz Pick” This game has multiple developers working on it, so it's hard to know which one to look at when trying to judge the record behind this game. One More Level worked on God's Trigger, which got solid reviews when it was released in 2019. Slipgate Ironworks' only game to get a Metacritic score was Rad Rogers (which got a 67 on Xbox One), and then of course there's 3D Realms, which made a name for itself with the Duke Nukem series and most recently did the well-received Ion Fury, but in between had a fair number of flops. However, while the combined history of these developers may be mixed, there's no denying that the trailer for this first-person action-platformer looks phenomenal, like a dark, violent, cyberpunk-y take on Mirror's Edge. We'll see how it turns out when the game releases!
10/30 – Pikmin 3 Deluxe (Trailer) – When this game about exploring a giant garden with tiny ant/plant creatures as your horde of minions was released on the Wii U, it got a Metacritic score of 87. Finally brought to the Nintendo Switch, this version adds new content featuring the characters from the first two games, Olimar and Louie. This game is probably the closest thing to a sure bet this month.
Halloween 2020 – Dusk (Trailer) – When this fast-paced retro-style first-person shooter screamed onto PCs in 2018, it got a Metacritic score of 88. If you're the sort of person who longs for the days of games like Quake, this game is likely to be a dream come true (or I suppose nightmare, given the theme).
October 2020 – Oddworld: Abe's Oddysee New & Tasty (Trailer) – This remake of the first game in the Oddworld series of Puzzle-Platformers got scores ranging from 81 to 87 on Metacritic when it was first released in 2014, and there's little reason to expect any less from it when it hits the Nintendo Switch.
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Anyway, that's what I could find for October 2020 on the Switch, but no doubt some of you have specific games you've got your eye on this next month. Please feel free to give a shout out to any game you feel deserves attention! :-)

Are the games rigged against 12 and 13 year old children since none have ever won? (Warning: contains statistics and Over-Analysis)

So in the books it says the youngest ever victor is age 14, that means that in the 75 hunger games there has never once been a 12 or 13 year old winner. While it's understandable that a younger child would be less likely to win especially in combat heavy arenas, it seems unlikely that it never happened, smaller children can be good at hiding and can still forage and steal, and even low odds add up over 75 runs.
What I want to know, is can this be explained by simple statistics, or are the gamemakers secretly rigging the game to ensure young children die horribly for the cruelty and spectacle value?
Of course the most obvious explanation for no young winners is the strong bias against young children in the reaping. Ignoring tesserae, a 12 year old's name is only entered 1 time, and an 18 year old's name is entered 7 times, which clearly makes a large bias towards a 18 year old victor.
Assuming that there are the same number of children of each age in the districts, here are the odds a particular tribute will be a given age, and the expected number of tributes of that age per game of 24 tributes:

18: 25% : 6
17: 21.4% : 5.1
16: 17.9% : 4.3
15: 14.3% : 3.4
14: 10.7% : 2.5
13: 7.1% : 1.74
12: 3.6% : 0.86

So due to the reaping age bias a given reaping victim has a 25% chance of being 18 years old, but only a 3.6% chance of being 12 years old. (incidentally there is an improbable shortage of 17 and 18 year old tributes in the 74th games as there should be about 11, but there are only around 5, to have this few is like a 1% chance not counting younger volunteers)
In terms of all the 24 tributes of a given game, there is a 42% chance of reaping no 12 year old, a 37% chance of reaping one, a 16% chance of reaping two, and a 4% chance of reaping three as appeared to have happened in the 74th game - which gives me suspicion that someone didn't do their statistics homework before reaping three 12 year old children (though I suppose the district 4 boy might have volunteered for some reason, presumably that his being a hobbit had brought such shame to his family that his only possible redemption was a brutal death).
If we assume that all tributes have exactly the same 1 in 24 odds of winning - an assumption I'll later reevaluate - that means there's only a 3.6% chance a 12 year old will win, but a 25% chance an 18 year old will win, because that is the expected age distribution in the game.
Now for the sake of simplicity let's say there have been 75 Hunger Games (as far as we know there were 75 Children Victors: 74 games, one with a double-victor rule) and each game there was a 3.6% chance of a 12 year old winning, as such the probability of a 12 year old not winning in one game is 96.4%, but the probability of a 12 year old not winning any of the 75 games is only 6.5%. And for no 13 year old victor the probability is only 0.38%, and combined the probability of no young child ever winning is only 0.025%.
So then, with the assumptions used so far, it's very unlikely there has never been a 12 or 13 year old winner. So let's consider some more factors that might naturally stack the odds against a young child victor.
First, is it possible the demographics are skewed against young children? Probably not, if the population is growing or if there's a high mortality rate, there should be more young children than older children. And given that two or even three! 12 year old tributes were reaped in one game, which is fairly improbable using the simplistic demographics, that suggests that it's not extra unlikely for a 12 year old child's name to be drawn. I think there are probably slightly more 12 year olds than 18 year olds and tessarae doesn't influence the age bias much.
Okay then, next up: Volunteers. Presumably young children almost never volunteer, but are more often volunteered for. Say that a young child has a 50% chance of being replaced by an older volunteer, with this almost always happening in the career districts (District 4 wtf?!) and happening about a third the time in other districts. Older children volunteering increases the cumulative probability of no 12 year old winners to only 25% - still unlikely. And the probability of no 13 year old victor increases to a still low 6.5%, and to have neither combines to an improbably low 1.6%.
Let's say that half of games are won by one of the 6 Careers (instead of the quarter of games they statistically should without unfair training), and the other half of games by the other 18 tributes. This broadly fits the betting odds (The gambling house seems to give the Careers about 3x better odds than the average tributes) and the fact that every district has 2 Victors for the Quarter Quell so the Careers can't win TOO often. So now every non-Career baseline odds drop to 1/36. With this modification the odds of no 12 year old victor increases to 41%, and no 13 year old to 16.4%, and this combines to a still rather low 6.8%.
So taking into account the Careers high chance of victory, we're getting closer to the bounds of plausible.
Neither the training scores nor the betting odds seem particularly prejudiced against the young children, but lets suppose that they are half as likely to win as a baseline non-Career due to being weaker and less experienced, that is to say once they are in the game, their basic odds of winning are 1/72. With these basic odds, the chance of no 12 year old winning increases to 74%, and the chance of no 13 year old to 55%, and combined, there is a 40% chance that there will have never been a 12 or 13 year old victor.
It must be noted that the betting odds for the 12 and 13 year old children are extremely strange, typically there should have been around 1-2 young children in every game, not a single one has won over 73 games, and yet the betting house is offering 15-1 and 30-1 odds? Who would take those odds?! Historically such kids obviously don't have a 1 in 30 or even a 1 in 60 chance of winning, not even a 1 in 120 chance of winning. Either the betting house just doesn't care about collecting bets on the young children, or the film makers didn't care (actually, we KNOW the film makers didn't care, given they just duplicated half the board).
TL;DR:
Statistically based on the rules of the reaping there should be 2.6 young children (12 to 13 year old) reaped, but I assume that 50% of them are replaced by older volunteers and so don't even make it to the Arena. Then, once a young child enters the Arena, there's a 50% chance one of the 6 Careers take the victory, and I assume a young child is half as likely to win as an average non-Career child, resulting in a 1/72 chance of the child winning after stepping in the Arena. Combining all these factors, the probability of no 12 or 13 year old ever winning one of the 75 games is 40%. Which means it's possible the gamemakers aren't unfair to young children.
HOWEVER, most of my more forgiving assumptions are quite suspect considering that two 12 year old tributes apparently ended up in the 74th game (Rue and District 4 boy) and a third (Prim) was picked but replaced by an older volunteer and overall 4 young children were in the game, compared to the expected ~1.3. Also while it's clear the Careers have a big advantage, it's not clear how much of an intrinsic disadvantage a young child has, given that they should be just as capable of not starving to death as older children, most of whom are just as hopelessly outmatched by the Careers in combat.
Hence my suspicion is that the Gamemakers like to ensure young children are killed off.

Tartaria: The Supposed Mega-Empire of Inner Eurasia

Introduction

For those not in the know, the Tartaria conspiracy theory is one of the most bizarre pieces of pseudo history out there. Its core notion is that the region known as ‘Tartaria’ or ‘Grand Tartary’ in Early Modern European maps was not simply a vague geographical designate, but in fact a vast, centralised empire. Said empire emerged… at some point, and it disappeared… at some point, but for… some reason, its existence has been covered up to suit… some narrative or another. As you can tell, there’s a lot of diverse ideas here, and the fact that there hasn’t been the equivalent of a Christological schism every time a controversial thread goes up is really quite impressive. While this post will primarily address one particular piece of writing that is at the core of Tartaria conspiracy theorising, I’ll include a few tidbits to show you just how much madness its adherents have come up with. But first, some background.

State of Play, and why I’m doing this

The Tartaria theory has a small but active following on subreddits such as Tartaria, tartarianarchitecture, and CulturalLayer, which as of writing have around 5,300, 2,400 and 23,000 subscribers, respectively, but it’s clear from the 8 questions on the topic asked at AskHistorians since January 2019 and this debunk request from June that it’s a theory that has somewhat broad appeal and can reach beyond its core niche. This is unsurprising given how little education most people in the West receive about basically anything east of Greece: simply put, the reality of Eurasian history is just not something most of us are taught. And if we don’t know the reality of Eurasian history to begin with, or if we do then it's all in bits and pieces where we might not even know a basic set of dates and names, then what seems to be a pretty developed narrative about a lost empire actually turns out rather plausible.
Unfortunately, many debunks of the Tartaria narrative come from people pushing competing conspiracy theories, like this guy claiming that there’s a global ~~Jewish~~ Phoenecian conspiracy and that Tartaria is simply rehashing the notion that Khazars were Jews in order to distract from the real Phoenecian threat at the heart of global society or some nonsense like that. (I don’t really care, I died of laughter after page 3.) Now, there are those coming from serious perspectives, but they focus largely on the problems with Tartaria as a concept rather than addressing the more specific claims being made. This is of course valuable in its own right (shoutout to Kochevnik81 for their responses to the AskHistorians threads), but we can go deeper by really striking at the roots of this ‘theory’ – what is the ‘evidence’ they’re presenting? But to do that, we need to find out what the origins of the ‘theory' are, and thus what its linchpins are. Incidentally, it is because of some recent events regarding those origins that I’ve been finally prompted to write this post.

Where does it come from?

My attempts to find the exact origins of the Tartaria conspiracy have been not entirely fruitful, as the connections I’ve found have been relatively circumstantial at best. But as far as I can tell, it at least partially originates with that Russian pseudohistorian we all know and love, Anatoly Fomenko. Fomenko is perhaps best known in the English-speaking world for his 7-volume ‘epic’ from 2002, History: Fiction or Science?, but in fact he’s been pushing a complete ‘New Chronology’ since the publication of Novaia khronologia in Russian in 1995. While the New Chronology is best known for its attempt to explain away most of the Middle Ages as a hoax created by the Papacy on the basis of bad astronomy, it also asserts a number of things about Russian history from the Kievan Rus’ to the Romanovs. Key to the Tartaria theory is its claim that there was a vast Slavo-Turkic ‘Russian Horde’ based out of ‘Tartaria’ which dominated Eurasia until the last ‘Horde’ ruler, Boris Godunov, was overthrown by the European Mikhail Romanov. This, of course, is a clear attempt at countering the notion of a ‘Tatar Yoke’ over Russia, as you can’t have a ‘Tatar Yoke’ if the Tatars were Russians all along. Much as I’d like to explain that in more detail here, I don’t have to: in 2004, Konstantin Sheiko at the University of Wollongong wrote an entire PhD thesis looking at the claims of Fomenko’s New Chronology and contextualising them within currents of Russian nationalism, which can be accessed online.
But I personally suspect that if there are Fomenko connections as far as Tartaria specifically is concerned, they are limited. For one, at one stage users on the Tartaria subreddit seemed unfamiliar with Fomenko, and there are those arguing that Fomenko had ‘rewritten’ Tartarian history to be pro-Russian. This is why I said that the evidence was circumstantial. The only other link to Fomenko is indirect: the CulturalLayer sidebar lists the ‘New Chronology Resource Collection’ and the audiobook of History: Fiction or Science? under ‘Essential Resources’, and Tartaria in its ‘Related Subs’.
As far as I can tell, the ultimate origin of its developed form on the Anglophone web traces back to this post on the StolenHistory forums, posted on 17 April 2018. This makes some chronological sense: only one post on CulturalLayer that mentions Tartaria predates this. Moreover, KorbenDallas, the OP of the thread, was also the forum’s chief admin, and given that StolenHistory is still (as of writing) the top resource on CulturalLayer’s sidebar, that suggests significant influence. However, using the search function on camas.reddit.io, it was mentioned at least 9 times before then, with the first mention, on 10 January 2018, mentioning that the ‘theory’ had been doing the rounds on the Russian web for at least 5 years. Nevertheless, as the detail in these early comments is sparse and generally refers only to speculation about maps, it is probably fair to say that the first in-depth English-language formulation of the Tartaria ‘theory’ was thus the April 2018 forum post. Funnily enough, it is not cited often on Tartaria, but that subreddit was created on 27 December, long after discussion had been taking place on places like CulturalLayer, and combined with the ‘mudflood’ ‘theory’ and the notion of giant humans, which are not significant features of the StolenHistory thread. This more convoluted and multifaceted version of the Tartaria theory doesn’t really have a single-document articulation, hence me not covering it here.
It is this StolenHistory thread which I will be looking at here today. Not just because it seems to be at the heart of it all, but also because it got shut down around 36 hours ago as of writing this post, based on the timestamps of panicked ‘what happened to StolenHistory’ posts on CulturalLayer and Tartaria. So what better occasion to go back to the Wayback Machine’s version, seeing as it’s now quite literally impossible to brigade the source? Now as I’ve said, this is not the most batshit insane it gets for the Tartaria crowd, in fact it’s incredibly tame. But by the end of it, I bet you’ll be thinking ‘if this is mild, how much more worse is the modern stuff!?’ And the best part is, I can debunk most of it without recourse to any other sources at all, because so much of it involves them posting sources out of context or expecting them to be read tendentiously.
But that’s enough background. Let us begin.

Part 1: The Existence

Exhibit 1: The Encylcopædia Britannica, 1771

”Tartary, a vast country in the northern parts of Asia, bounded by Siberia on the north and west: this is called Great Tartary. The Tartars who lie south of Muscovy and Siberia, are those of Astracan, Circassia, and Dagistan, situated north-west of the Caspian-sea; the Calmuc Tartars, who lie between Siberia and the Caspian-sea; the Usbec Tartars and Moguls, who lie north of Persia and India; and lastly, those of Tibet, who lie north-west of China.” - Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. III, Edinburgh, 1771, p. 887.

Starting a post about the ‘hidden’ history of Central Asia with an encyclopædia entry from Scotland is really getting off to a good start, isn’t it? Anyone with a sense of basic geography can tell you that Tibet lies due west of China, not northwest. But more importantly, this shows you how single-minded the Tartaria advocates are and how tendentiously they read things. ‘Country’ need not actually refer to a state entity, it can just be a geographical space, especially in more archaic contexts such as this. Moreover, the ethnographic division of the ‘Tartars’ into Astrakhanis, Circassians, Dagestanis, Kalmuks, Uzbeks, and, for whatever reason, Tibetans, pretty clearly goes against the notion of a unified Tartary.

Now compare to the description given by Wikipedia, ”Tartary (Latin: Tartaria) or Great Tartary (Latin: Tartaria Magna) was a name used from the Middle Ages until the twentieth century to designate the great tract of northern and central Asia stretching from the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, settled mostly by Turko-Mongol peoples after the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Turkic migrations.”

Obviously, Wikipedia is not a good source for… anything, really, but the fact that they’re giving a 349-year-old encyclopaedia primacy over the summary sentence of a wiki article is demonstrative of how much dishonesty is behind this. And it only gets worse from here.

Exhibit 2: Hermann Moll’s A System of Geography, 1701

THE Country of Tartary, call'd Great Tartary, to distinguish it from the Lesser, in Europe, has for its Boundaries, on the West, the Caspian Sea, and Moscovitick Tartary; on the North, the Scythian, or Tartarian Sea; on the East, the Sea of the Kalmachites, and the Straight of Jesso; and on the South, China, India, or the Dominions of the great Mogul and Persia : So that it is apparently the largest Region of the whole Continent of Asia, extending it self [sic] farthest, both towards the North and East: In the modern Maps, it is plac'd within the 70th and 170th Degree of Longitude, excluding Muscovitick Tartary; as also between the 40 and 72 Degree of Northern Latitude.

Immediately underneath the scan of this text is the statement, clearly highlighted, that

Tartary was not a tract. It was a country.

Hmm, very emphatic there. Except wait no, the same semantic problem recurs. ‘Country’ need not mean ‘state’. Moreover, in the very same paragraph, Moll (or rather his translator) refers to Tartary as a ‘Region’, which very much disambiguates the idea. Aside from that, it is telling that Moll refers to three distinct ‘Tartaries’: ’Great Tartary’ in Asia, ‘Lesser Tartary’ in Europe, and ‘Muscovite Tartary’ – that is, the eastern territories of the Russian Tsardom. If, as they are saying, ‘Great Tartary’ was a coherent entity, whatever happened to ‘Lesser Tartary’?

Exhibit 3: A 1957 report by the CIA on ‘National Cultural Development Under Communism’

Is a conspiracy theorist… actually believing a CIA document? Yep. I’ll add some context later that further complicates the issue.

Or let us take the matter of history, which, along with religion, language and literature, constitute the core of a people’s cultural heritage. Here again the Communists have interfered in a shameless manner. For example, on 9 August 1944, the Central Committee of the Communist Party, sitting in Moscow, issued a directive ordering the party’s Tartar Provincial Committee “to proceed to a scientific revolution of the history of Tartaria, to liquidate serious shortcomings and mistakes of a nationalistic character committed by individual writers and historians in dealing with Tartar history.” In other words, Tartar history was to be rewritten—let its be frank, was to be falsified—in order to eliminate references to Great Russian aggressions and to hide the facts of the real course of Tartar-Russian relations.
[similar judgement on Soviet rewriting of histories of Muslim areas to suit a pro-Russian agenda]

What’s fascinating about the inclusion of this document is that it is apparently often invoked as a piece of anti-Fomenko evidence, by tying New Chronology in with older Russian-nationalist Soviet revisionism. So not only is it ironic that they’re citing a CIA document, of all things, but a CIA document often used to undermine the spiritual founder of the whole Tartaria ‘theory’ in the first place! But to return to the point, the fundamental issue is that it’s tendentious. This document from 1957 obviously is not going to be that informed on the dynamics of Central Asian ethnicity and history in the way that a modern scholar would be.
In a broader sense, what this document is supposed to prove is that Soviet coverups are why we don’t know about Tartaria. But if most of the evidence came from Western Europe to begin with, why would a Soviet coverup matter? Why wasn’t Tartarian history deployed as a counter-narrative during the Cold War?

Exhibit 4: ‘An 1855 Source’

This is from a footnote in Sir George Cornwalle Lewis’ An Inquiry into the Credibility of the Early Roman History, citing a travelogue by Evariste Huc that had been published in French in 1850 and was soon translated into English. From the digitised version of of Huc’s book on Project Gutenberg (emphasis copied over from the thread):

Such remains of ancient cities are of no unfrequent occurrence in the deserts of Mongolia; but everything connected with their origin and history is buried in darkness. Oh, with what sadness does such a spectacle fill the soul! The ruins of Greece, the superb remains of Egypt,—all these, it is true, tell of death; all belong to the past; yet when you gaze upon them, you know what they are; you can retrace, in memory, the revolutions which have occasioned the ruins and the decay of the country around them. Descend into the tomb, wherein was buried alive the city of Herculaneum,—you find there, it is true, a gigantic skeleton, but you have within you historical associations wherewith to galvanize it. But of these old abandoned cities of Tartary, not a tradition remains; they are tombs without an epitaph, amid solitude and silence, uninterrupted except when the wandering Tartars halt, for a while, within the ruined enclosures, because there the pastures are richer and more abundant.

There’s a paraphrase from Lewis as well, but you can just read it on the thread. The key thing here is that yes, there were abandoned settlements in the steppe. Why must this be indicative of a lost sedentary civilisation, and not instead the remnants of political capitals of steppe federations which were abandoned following those federations’ collapse? Places like Karakorum, Kubak Zar, Almaliq and Sarai were principally built around political functions, being centres for concentration of religious and ritual authority (especially monasteries) and stores of non-movable (or difficult to move) wealth. But individual examples of abandoned settlements are not evidence of broad patterns of settlement that came to be abandoned en masse. Indeed, the very fact that the cited shepherd calls the abandoned location ‘The Old Town’ in the singular implies just how uncommon such sites were – for any given region, there might really only be one of note.

Exhibit 5: Ethnic characteristics in artistic depictions of Chinggis and Timur

I… don’t quite know what to make of these.

Today, we have certain appearance related stereotypes. I think we are very much off there. It looks like Tartary was multi-religious, and multi-cultural. One of the reasons I think so is the tremendous disparity between what leaders like Genghis Khan, Batu Khan, Timur aka Tamerlane looked like to the contemporary artists vs. the appearance attributed to them today.

Ummm, what?
These are apparently what they look like today. These are ‘contemporary’ depictions of Chinggis:

Except, as the guy posting the thread says, these are 15th-18th century depictions… so NOT CONTEMPORARY.
As for Timur, we have:

In what bizzaro world are these contemporary?
We’ll get to Batur Khan in a moment because that’s its own kettle of worms. But can this user not recognise that artists tend to depict things in ways that are familiar? Of course white European depictions of Chinggis and Timur will tend to make them look like white Europeans, while East Asian depictions of Chinggis will tend to make him look Asian, and Middle Eastern depictions of Chinggis and Timur will make them look Middle Eastern. This doesn’t prove that ‘Tartaria’ was multicultural, in fact it you’d have an easier time using this ‘evidence’ to argue that Chinggis and Timur were shapeshifters who could change ethnicities at will!

Exhibit 6: Turkish sculptures

Why this person thinks modern Turkish sculptures are of any use to anyone baffles me. The seven sculptures shown are of Batu Khan (founder of the ‘Golden Horde’/Jochid khanates), Timur, Bumin (founder of the First Turkic Khaganate), Ertugrul (father of Osman, the founder of the Ottoman empire), Babur (founder of the Mughal Empire), Attila the Hun, and Kutlug Bilge Khagan (founder of the Uyghur Khaganate). They are accompanied (except in the case of Ertugrul) by the dates of the empires/confederations that they founded – hence, for instance, Babur’s dates being 1526 to 1858, the lifespan of the Mughal Empire, or Timur’s being 1368 (which seems arbitrary) to 1507 (the fall of Herat to the Shaybanids). To quote the thread:

A few of them I do not know, but the ones I do look nothing like what I was taught at school. Also dates are super bizarre on those plaques.

Again, Turkish sculptors make Turkic people look like Turks. Big surprise. And the dates are comprehensible if you just take a moment to think.

Do Turks know something we don't?

Turkish, evidently.

Exhibit 7: A map from 1652 that the user can’t even read

The other reason why I think Tartary had to be multi-religious, and multi-cultural is its vastness during various moments in time. For example in 1652 Tartary appears to have control over the North America.

https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/1652-nova-totius-terrarum-orbis-geographica-ac-hydrographica-tabula_1-1-jpg.37277/
This speaks for itself.
The thread was later edited to include a link to a post on ‘Tartarians’ in North America made on 7 August 2018, but that’s beside the point here, read at your own leisure (if you can call it ‘leisure’). Except for the part where at one point he admits he can’t read Latin, and so his entire theory in that post is based on the appearance of the word ‘Tartarorum’ in an unspecified context on a map of North America.

Part 2: The Coverup

The official history is hiding a major world power which existed as late as the 19th century. Tartary was a country with its own flag, its own government and its own place on the map. Its territory was huge, but somehow quietly incorporated into Russia, and some other countries. This country you can find on the maps predating the second half of the 19th century.

…Okay then.

Exhibit 8: Google Ngrams

https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/tartary_ngram-jpg.37276/
This screenshot shows that the use of ‘Tartary’ and ‘Tartaria’ declined significantly over time. This is apparently supposed to surprise us. Or maybe it shows that we actually understand the region better…

Part 1a: Back to the existence

You know, a common theme with historical conspiracy theories is how badly they’re laid out, in the literal sense of the layout of their documents and video content. Don’t make a header called ‘The Coverup’ and then only have one thing before jumping back to the evidence for the existence again.

Exhibit 9: A Table

Yet, some time in the 18th century Tartary Muskovite was the biggest country in the world: 3,050,000 square miles.

https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/tartary_huge-13-jpg.37329/
I do not have enough palms to slap into my face. Do they not understand that this is saying how much of Tartary was owned… by foreign powers?

Exhibit 10: Book covers

You can look at the images on the thread itself but here’s a few highlights:

1654: Bellum Tartaricum, or the Conquest of China By the Invasion of the Tartars, who in the last seven years, have wholly subdued that empire
1670: Historia de la Conquista de la China por el Tartaro

Histories of the Qing conquest of China, because as far as Europeans were concerned the Manchus were Tartars. Proof of Tartaria because…?

1662: The Voyages and Travels of the Ambassadors of the Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the King of Persia… Containing a compleat History of Muscovy, Tartary, Persia, and Other Adjacent Countries…

An ambassador who never set foot in ‘Tartary’ itself, cool cool, very good evidence there.
There’s also three screenshots from books that aren’t even specifically named, so impossible to follow up. Clearly this is all we need.

Exhibit 11: Maps

The maps are the key think the Tartaria pushers use. All these maps showing ‘Grand Tartary’ or ‘Tartaria’ or what have you. There’s 20 of these here and you can look for yourselves, but the key thing is: why do these people assume that this referred to a single state entity? Because any of these maps that include the world more generally will also present large parts of Africa in generic terms, irrespective of actual political organisation in these regions. And many of the later maps clearly show the tripartite division of the region into ‘Chinese Tartary’, ‘Russian Tartary’, and ‘Independent Tartary’, which you think would be clear evidence that most of this region was controlled by, well, the Chinese (really, the Manchus) and the Russians. And many of these maps aren’t even maps of political organisation, but geographical space. See how many lump all of mainland Southeast Asia into ‘India’. Moreover, the poor quality of the mapping should give things away. This one for instance is very clear on the Black Sea coast, but the Caspian is a blob, and moreover, a blob that’s elongated along the wrong axis! They’re using Western European maps as an indicator of Central Asian realities in the most inept way possible, and it would be sad if it weren’t so hilarious. The fact that the depictions of the size of Tartaria are incredibly inconsistent also seems not to matter.

Exhibit 12: The Tartarian Language

There’s an 1849 American newspaper article referring to the ‘Tartarian’ language, which is very useful thank you, and definitely not more reflective of American ignorance than actual linguistic reality.
The next one is more interesting, because it’s from a translation of some writing by a French Jesuit, referring to the writing of Manchu, and who asserted (with very little clear evidence) that it could be read in any direction. In April last year, Tartaria users [claimed to have stumbled on a dictionary of Tartarian and French](np.reddit.com/Tartaria/comments/bi3aph/tartarian_language_dictionary/) called the Dictionnaire Tartare-Mantchou-François. What they failed to realise is that the French generally called the Manchus ‘Tartare-Mantchou’, and this was in fact a Manchu-French dictionary. In other words, a [Tartare-Mantchou]-[François] dictionary, not a [Tartare]-[Mantchou]-[François] dictionary. It is quite plausible, in fact probable, that the ‘Tartarian’ referred to in the newspaper article was Manchu.

Exhibit 13: Genealogies of Tartarian Kings

Descended From Genghiscan

Reads the comment above this French chart. How the actual hell did OP not recognise that ‘Genghiscan’ is, erm, Genghis Khan? Is it that hard to understand that maybe, just maybe, ‘Tartars’ was what they called Mongols back in the day, and ‘Tartaria’ the Mongol empire and its remnants?

Exhibit 14: Ethnographic drawings

These prove that there were people called Tartars, not that there was a state of Tartaria. NEXT

Exhibit 15: Tartaria’s alleged flag

Images they provide include
https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/tartary_flags-11-jpg.37367/
https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/tartary_flag_6-jpg.37307/
Except there’s one problem. As any EU4 player will tell you, that’s the flag of the Khanate of Kazan. And while they can trot out a few 18th and 19th century charts showing the apparent existence of a Tartarian naval flag, the inconvenient fact that Tartaria would have been landlocked seems not to get in the way. To be sure, their consistent inclusion is odd, given the non-existence of Tartary as a country, and moreover its landlocked status. It seems plausible that the consistent similarity of the designs is just a result of constant copying and poor checking, but on its own it means relatively little.

Exhibit 16: 19th-century racism

https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/flags_of_all_nations_1865-mongolian-1-jpg.37369/
That I think speaks for itself.

Exhibit 17: Flags of Moscow on one particular chart

It is also worth mentioning that in the British Flag Table of 1783, there are three different flags listed as a flag of the Tsar of Moscow. There is also an Imperial Flag of Russia as well as multiple naval flags. And all of them are proceeded by a flag of the Viceroy of Russia.

By that logic, the Royal Navy ran Britain because the Royal Navy ensigns precede the Union Jack. It’s simply a conscious decision to show the flags of individuals before the flags of states. The ‘Viceroy’ (unsure what the original Russian title would be) and ‘Czar’ of Muscovy would presumably be, well, the Emperor of Russia anyway, so as with the British section where the Royal Standard and the flags of naval officers came first, the same seems true of Russia. Also, as a side note, the placement of the USA at the end, after the Persians, the Mughals and ‘Tartarians’, is a fun touch.

Significance of the Viceroy is in the definition of the term. A viceroy is a regal official who runs a country, colony, city, province, or sub-national state, in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. Our official history will probably say that it was the Tsar of Russia who would appoint a viceroy of Moscow. I have reasons to doubt that.
Why is the flag of the Viceroy of Moscow positioned prior to any other Russian flag? Could it be that the Viceroy of Moscow was superior to its Czar, and was "supervising" how this Tartarian possession was being run?

No.

Part 3: 1812

This, this is where it gets really bonkers. A key part of this post is arguing that Napoleon’s invasion of Russia was a cover story for a joint invasion against Tartaria gone horrendously wrong. All the stops are being pulled out here.

There is a growing opinion in Russia that French invasion of Russia played out according to a different scenario. The one where Tsar Alexander I, and Napoleon were on the same side. Together they fought against Tartary. Essentially France and Saint Petersburg against Moscow (Tartary). And there is a strong circumstantial evidence to support such a theory.

Oh yes, we’re going there.

Questions to Answer:
1. Saint Petersburg was the capitol of Russia. Yet Napoleon chose to attack Moscow. Why?

He didn’t, he was trying to attack the Russian army. (credit to dandan_noodles).

2. It appears that in 1912 there was a totally different recollection of the events of 1812. How else could you explain commemorative 1912 medals honoring Napoleon?

Because it’s a bit of an in-your-face to Napoleon for losing so badly?

And specifically the one with Alexander I, and Napoleon on the same medal. The below medal says something similar to, "Strength is in the unity: will of God, firmness of royalty, love for homeland and people"

Yeah, it’s showing Alexander I beating Napoleon, and a triumphant double-headed Russian eagle above captured French standards. Also, notice how Alexander is in full regalia, while Napoleon’s is covered up by his greatcoat?

3. Similarity between Russian and French uniforms. There are more different uniforms involved, but the idea remains, they were ridiculously similar.

Ah yes, because fashions in different countries always develop separately, and never get influenced by each other.

How did they fight each other in the dark?

With difficulty, presumably.
Basically, he’s saying that this: https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/1_rus-jpg.37322/
Is too similar to this: https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/1_rus-jpg.37322/
To be coincidental.
OK, whatever. Here’s where it gets interesting:

There was one additional combat asset officially available to Russians in the war of 1812. And that was the Militia. It does appear that this so-called Militia, was in reality the army of Tartary fighting against Napoleon and Alexander I.

Russian VolunteeMilitia Units... Tartarians?
Clearly this man has never encountered the concept of a cossack, an opelchenie, or, erm, a GREATCOAT.

4. Russian nobility in Saint Petersburg spoke French well into the second half of the 19th century. The general explanation was, that it was the trend of time and fashion. Google contains multiple opinions on the matter. * Following the same logic, USA, Britain and Russia should've picked up German after the victory in WW2.

Clearly never heard of the term lingua franca then.

5. This one I just ran into: 19th-century fans were totally into a Napoleon/Alexander romance

https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/treaties_of_tilsit_miniature_-france-_1810s-_side_a-jpg.37314/
https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/napoleonxalexander2-jpg.37310/
https://web.archive.org/web/20200701065421im_/https://www.stolenhistory.org/attachments/napoleon-alexander-jpg.37312/
It is true that after the Treaty of Tilsit, Napoleon wrote to his wife, Josephine, that

I am pleased with [Emperor] Alexander; he ought to be with me. If he were a woman, I think I should make him my mistress.

But Napoleon’s ‘honeymoon period’ with Russia following the Treaty of Tilsit should not be seen as indicative of a permanent Napoleonic affection for Russia. Notably, Napoleon’s war with Russia didn’t just end in 1812. How are the Tartaria conspiracists going to explain the War of the Sixth Coalition, when Russian, Prussian and Austrian troops drove the French out of Germany? Did the bromance suddenly stop because of 1812? Or, is it more reasonable to see 1812 as the end result of the bromance falling apart?

Conclusions

So there you have it, Tartaria in all its glorious nonsensicalness. Words cannot capture how massively bonkers this entire thing is. And best of all, I hardly needed my own sources because so much of it is just a demonstration of terrible reading comprehension. Still, if you want to actually learn about some of the history of Inner Eurasia, see below:

Bibliography

The Cambridge History of Inner Asia – 2 volumes so far, covering up to 1886. Not really a single contiguous narrative, as each chapter has its own individual author, but a good general coverage.
Scott C. Levi, The Bukharan Crisis: A Connected History of 18th Century Central Asia (2020) – A book about actual Central Asian history, focussing on the global and local factors that led to the weakening and collapse of the Chinggisid state in Bukhara and the rise of the Uzbek-led Emirate. Also a very good historiographical examination of lay understandings of the period.
Mark C. Elliott, ‘The Limits of Tartary: Manchuria in Imperial and National Geographies’, The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 59, No. 3 (2000) – A discussion of conceptions of Manchuria by Manchu, Chinese, Japanese and European cartographers and geographers, with the section on European geographers being important for getting at the ‘Tartary’ aspect.
David Christian, ‘Inner Eurasia as a Unit of World History’, Journal of World History, Vol. 5, No. 2 (1994) – A somewhat older view, presenting Inner Eurasia as a distinct unit in world history, but largely in terms of effects on the rest of Eurasia.
Nicola di Cosmo, ‘State Formation and Periodization in Inner Asian History’, Journal of World History, Vol.10, No.1 (1999) – A partial response to Christian, offering an alternate periodisation based more on the internal dynamics of nomadic state formations and stressing viewing Inner Asian history in terms of those internal dynamics, rather than relegating it to a subordinate place in the histories of ‘Outer Eurasian’, sedentary states.
Konstantin Sheiko, ‘Lomonosov’s Bastards: Anatolii Fomenko, Pseudo-History and Russia’s Search for a Post-Communist Identity’ [PhD Thesis] (2004) – Specifically deconstructs Fomenko’s version of Tartaria.

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