Scoop Jackson was convinced that there's no place for partisanship in foreign and defense policy. He used to say, 'In matters of national security, the best politics is no politics.' His sense of bipartisanship was not only natural and complete; it was courageous. He wanted to be President, but I think he must have known that his outspoken ideas on the security of the Nation would deprive him of the chance to be his party's nominee in 1972 and '76. Still, he would not cut his convictions to fit the prevailing style. I'm deeply proud, as he would have been, to have Jackson Democrats serve in my administration. I'm proud that some of them have found a home here.
| | ﷽ submitted by aibnsamin1 to Bitcoin [link] [comments] The Federal Reserve and the United States government are pumping extreme amounts of money into the economy, already totaling over $484 billion. They are doing so because it already had a goal to inflate the United States Dollar (USD) so that the market can continue to all-time highs. It has always had this goal. They do not care how much inflation goes up by now as we are going into a depression with the potential to totally crash the US economy forever. They believe the only way to save the market from going to zero or negative values is to inflate it so much that it cannot possibly crash that low. Even if the market does not dip that low, inflation serves the interest of powerful people. The impending crash of the stock market has ramifications for Bitcoin, as, though there is no direct ongoing-correlation between the two, major movements in traditional markets will necessarily affect Bitcoin. According to the Blockchain Center’s Cryptocurrency Correlation Tool, Bitcoin is not correlated with the stock market. However, when major market movements occur, they send ripples throughout the financial ecosystem which necessary affect even ordinarily uncorrelated assets. Therefore, Bitcoin will reach X price on X date after crashing to a price of X by X date. Stock Market CrashThe Federal Reserve has caused some serious consternation with their release of ridiculous amounts of money in an attempt to buoy the economy. At face value, it does not seem to have any rationale or logic behind it other than keeping the economy afloat long enough for individuals to profit financially and politically. However, there is an underlying basis to what is going on which is important to understand in order to profit financially.All markets are functionally price probing systems. They constantly undergo a price-discovery process. In a fiat system, money is an illusory and a fundamentally synthetic instrument with no intrinsic value – similar to Bitcoin. The primary difference between Bitcoin is the underlying technology which provides a slew of benefits that fiat does not. Fiat, however, has an advantage in being able to have the support of powerful nation-states which can use their might to insure the currency’s prosperity. Traditional stock markets are composed of indices (pl. of index). Indices are non-trading market instruments which are essentially summaries of business values which comprise them. They are continuously recalculated throughout a trading day, and sometimes reflected through tradable instruments such as Exchange Traded Funds or Futures. Indices are weighted by market capitalizations of various businesses. Price theory essentially states that when a market fails to take out a new low in a given range, it will have an objective to take out the high. When a market fails to take out a new high, it has an objective to make a new low. This is why price-time charts go up and down, as it does this on a second-by-second, minute-by-minute, day-by-day, and even century-by-century basis. Therefore, market indices will always return to some type of bull market as, once a true low is formed, the market will have a price objective to take out a new high outside of its’ given range – which is an all-time high. Instruments can only functionally fall to zero, whereas they can grow infinitely. So, why inflate the economy so much? Deflation is disastrous for central banks and markets as it raises the possibility of producing an overall price objective of zero or negative values. Therefore, under a fractional reserve system with a fiat currency managed by a central bank – the goal of the central bank is to depreciate the currency. The dollar is manipulated constantly with the intention of depreciating its’ value. Central banks have a goal of continued inflated fiat values. They tend to ordinarily contain it at less than ten percent (10%) per annum in order for the psyche of the general populace to slowly adjust price increases. As such, the markets are divorced from any other logic. Economic policy is the maintenance of human egos, not catering to fundamental analysis. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is well-known not to be a measure of actual growth or output. It is a measure of increase in dollars processed. Banks seek to produce raising numbers which make society feel like it is growing economically, making people optimistic. To do so, the currency is inflated, though inflation itself does not actually increase growth. When society is optimistic, it spends and engages in business – resulting in actual growth. It also encourages people to take on credit and debts, creating more fictional fiat. Inflation is necessary for markets to continue to reach new heights, generating positive emotional responses from the populace, encouraging spending, encouraging debt intake, further inflating the currency, and increasing the sale of government bonds. The fiat system only survives by generating more imaginary money on a regular basis. Bitcoin investors may profit from this by realizing that stock investors as a whole always stand to profit from the market so long as it is managed by a central bank and does not collapse entirely. If those elements are filled, it has an unending price objective to raise to new heights. It also allows us to realize that this response indicates that the higher-ups believe that the economy could crash in entirety, and it may be wise for investors to have multiple well-thought-out exit strategies. Economic Analysis of BitcoinThe reason why the Fed is so aggressively inflating the economy is due to fears that it will collapse forever or never rebound. As such, coupled with a global depression, a huge demand will appear for a reserve currency which is fundamentally different than the previous system. Bitcoin, though a currency or asset, is also a market. It also undergoes a constant price-probing process. Unlike traditional markets, Bitcoin has the exact opposite goal. Bitcoin seeks to appreciate in value and not depreciate. This has a quite different affect in that Bitcoin could potentially become worthless and have a price objective of zero.Bitcoin was created in 2008 by a now famous mysterious figure known as Satoshi Nakamoto and its’ open source code was released in 2009. It was the first decentralized cryptocurrency to utilize a novel protocol known as the blockchain. Up to one megabyte of data may be sent with each transaction. It is decentralized, anonymous, transparent, easy to set-up, and provides myriad other benefits. Bitcoin is not backed up by anything other than its’ own technology. Bitcoin is can never be expected to collapse as a framework, even were it to become worthless. The stock market has the potential to collapse in entirety, whereas, as long as the internet exists, Bitcoin will be a functional system with a self-authenticating framework. That capacity to persist regardless of the actual price of Bitcoin and the deflationary nature of Bitcoin means that it has something which fiat does not – inherent value. Bitcoin is based on a distributed database known as the “blockchain.” Blockchains are essentially decentralized virtual ledger books, replete with pages known as “blocks.” Each page in a ledger is composed of paragraph entries, which are the actual transactions in the block. Blockchains store information in the form of numerical transactions, which are just numbers. We can consider these numbers digital assets, such as Bitcoin. The data in a blockchain is immutable and recorded only by consensus-based algorithms. Bitcoin is cryptographic and all transactions are direct, without intermediary, peer-to-peer. Bitcoin does not require trust in a central bank. It requires trust on the technology behind it, which is open-source and may be evaluated by anyone at any time. Furthermore, it is impossible to manipulate as doing so would require all of the nodes in the network to be hacked at once – unlike the stock market which is manipulated by the government and “Market Makers”. Bitcoin is also private in that, though the ledge is openly distributed, it is encrypted. Bitcoin’s blockchain has one of the greatest redundancy and information disaster recovery systems ever developed. Bitcoin has a distributed governance model in that it is controlled by its’ users. There is no need to trust a payment processor or bank, or even to pay fees to such entities. There are also no third-party fees for transaction processing. As the ledge is immutable and transparent it is never possible to change it – the data on the blockchain is permanent. The system is not easily susceptible to attacks as it is widely distributed. Furthermore, as users of Bitcoin have their private keys assigned to their transactions, they are virtually impossible to fake. No lengthy verification, reconciliation, nor clearing process exists with Bitcoin. Bitcoin is based on a proof-of-work algorithm. Every transaction on the network has an associated mathetical “puzzle”. Computers known as miners compete to solve the complex cryptographic hash algorithm that comprises that puzzle. The solution is proof that the miner engaged in sufficient work. The puzzle is known as a nonce, a number used only once. There is only one major nonce at a time and it issues 12.5 Bitcoin. Once it is solved, the fact that the nonce has been solved is made public. A block is mined on average of once every ten minutes. However, the blockchain checks every 2,016,000 minutes (approximately four years) if 201,600 blocks were mined. If it was faster, it increases difficulty by half, thereby deflating Bitcoin. If it was slower, it decreases, thereby inflating Bitcoin. It will continue to do this until zero Bitcoin are issued, projected at the year 2140. On the twelfth of May, 2020, the blockchain will halve the amount of Bitcoin issued when each nonce is guessed. When Bitcoin was first created, fifty were issued per block as a reward to miners. 6.25 BTC will be issued from that point on once each nonce is solved. Unlike fiat, Bitcoin is a deflationary currency. As BTC becomes scarcer, demand for it will increase, also raising the price. In this, BTC is similar to gold. It is predictable in its’ output, unlike the USD, as it is based on a programmed supply. We can predict BTC’s deflation and inflation almost exactly, if not exactly. Only 21 million BTC will ever be produced, unless the entire network concedes to change the protocol – which is highly unlikely. Some of the drawbacks to BTC include congestion. At peak congestion, it may take an entire day to process a Bitcoin transaction as only three to five transactions may be processed per second. Receiving priority on a payment may cost up to the equivalent of twenty dollars ($20). Bitcoin mining consumes enough energy in one day to power a single-family home for an entire week. Trading or Investing?The fundamental divide in trading revolves around the question of market structure. Many feel that the market operates totally randomly and its’ behavior cannot be predicted. For the purposes of this article, we will assume that the market has a structure, but that that structure is not perfect. That market structure naturally generates chart patterns as the market records prices in time. In order to determine when the stock market will crash, causing a major decline in BTC price, we will analyze an instrument, an exchange traded fund, which represents an index, as opposed to a particular stock. The price patterns of the various stocks in an index are effectively smoothed out. In doing so, a more technical picture arises. Perhaps the most popular of these is the SPDR S&P Standard and Poor 500 Exchange Traded Fund ($SPY).In trading, little to no concern is given about value of underlying asset. We are concerned primarily about liquidity and trading ranges, which are the amount of value fluctuating on a short-term basis, as measured by volatility-implied trading ranges. Fundamental analysis plays a role, however markets often do not react to real-world factors in a logical fashion. Therefore, fundamental analysis is more appropriate for long-term investing. The fundamental derivatives of a chart are time (x-axis) and price (y-axis). The primary technical indicator is price, as everything else is lagging in the past. Price represents current asking price and incorrectly implementing positions based on price is one of the biggest trading errors. Markets and currencies ordinarily have noise, their tendency to back-and-fill, which must be filtered out for true pattern recognition. That noise does have a utility, however, in allowing traders second chances to enter favorable positions at slightly less favorable entry points. When you have any market with enough liquidity for historical data to record a pattern, then a structure can be divined. The market probes prices as part of an ongoing price-discovery process. Market technicians must sometimes look outside of the technical realm and use visual inspection to ascertain the relevance of certain patterns, using a qualitative eye that recognizes the underlying quantitative nature Markets and instruments rise slower than they correct, however they rise much more than they fall. In the same vein, instruments can only fall to having no worth, whereas they could theoretically grow infinitely and have continued to grow over time. Money in a fiat system is illusory. It is a fundamentally synthetic instrument which has no intrinsic value. Hence, the recent seemingly illogical fluctuations in the market. According to trade theory, the unending purpose of a market or instrument is to create and break price ranges according to the laws of supply and demand. We must determine when to trade based on each market inflection point as defined in price and in time as opposed to abandoning the trend (as the contrarian trading in this sub often does). Time and Price symmetry must be used to be in accordance with the trend. When coupled with a favorable risk to reward ratio, the ability to stay in the market for most of the defined time period, and adherence to risk management rules; the trader has a solid methodology for achieving considerable gains. We will engage in a longer term market-oriented analysis to avoid any time-focused pressure. The Bitcoin market is open twenty-four-hours a day, so trading may be done when the individual is ready, without any pressing need to be constantly alert. Let alone, we can safely project months in advance with relatively high accuracy. Bitcoin is an asset which an individual can both trade and invest, however this article will be focused on trading due to the wide volatility in BTC prices over the short-term. Technical Indicator Analysis of BitcoinTechnical indicators are often considered self-fulfilling prophecies due to mass-market psychology gravitating towards certain common numbers yielded from them. They are also often discounted when it comes to BTC. That means a trader must be especially aware of these numbers as they can prognosticate market movements. Often, they are meaningless in the larger picture of things.
Trend Definition Analysis of BitcoinTrend definition is highly powerful, cannot be understated. Knowledge of trend logic is enough to be a profitable trader, yet defining a trend is an arduous process. Multiple trends coexist across multiple time frames and across multiple market sectors. Like time structure, it makes the underlying price of the instrument irrelevant. Trend definitions cannot determine the validity of newly formed discretes. Trend becomes apparent when trades based in counter-trend inflection points continue to fail.Downtrends are defined as an instrument making lower lows and lower highs that are recurrent, additive, qualified swing setups. Downtrends for all instruments are similar, except forex. They are fast and complete much quicker than uptrends. An average downtrend is 18 months, something which we will return to. An uptrend inception occurs when an instrument reaches a point where it fails to make a new low, then that low will be tested. After that, the instrument will either have a deep range retracement or it may take out the low slightly, resulting in a double-bottom. A swing must eventually form. A simple way to roughly determine trend is to attempt to draw a line from three tops going upwards (uptrend) or a line from three bottoms going downwards (downtrend). It is not possible to correctly draw a downtrend line on the BTC chart, but it is possible to correctly draw an uptrend – indicating that the overall trend is downwards. The only mitigating factor is the impending stock market crash. Time Symmetry Analysis of BitcoinTime is the movement from the past through the present into the future. It is a measurement in quantified intervals. In many ways, our perception of it is a human construct. It is more powerful than price as time may be utilized for a trade regardless of the market inflection point’s price. Were it possible to perfectly understand time, price would be totally irrelevant due to the predictive certainty time affords. Time structure is easier to learn than price, but much more difficult to apply with any accuracy. It is the hardest aspect of trading to learn, but also the most rewarding.Humans do not have the ability to recognize every time window, however the ability to define market inflection points in terms of time is the single most powerful trading edge. Regardless, price should not be abandoned for time alone. Time structure analysis It is inherently flawed, as such the markets have a fail-safe, which is Price Structure. Even though Time is much more powerful, Price Structure should never be completely ignored. Time is the qualifier for Price and vice versa. Time can fail by tricking traders into counter-trend trading. Time is a predestined trade quantifier, a filter to slow trades down, as it allows a trader to specifically focus on specific time windows and rest at others. It allows for quantitative measurements to reach deterministic values and is the primary qualifier for trends. Time structure should be utilized before price structure, and it is the primary trade criterion which requires support from price. We can see price structure on a chart, as areas of mathematical support or resistance, but we cannot see time structure. Time may be used to tell us an exact point in the future where the market will inflect, after Price Theory has been fulfilled. In the present, price objectives based on price theory added to possible future times for market inflection points give us the exact time of market inflection points and price. Time Structure is repetitions of time or inherent cycles of time, occurring in a methodical way to provide time windows which may be utilized for inflection points. They are not easily recognized and not easily defined by a price chart as measuring and observing time is very exact. Time structure is not a science, yet it does require precise measurements. Nothing is certain or definite. The critical question must be if a particular approach to time structure is currently lucrative or not. We will measure it in intervals of 180 bars. Our goal is to determine time windows, when the market will react and when we should pay the most attention. By using time repetitions, the fact that market inflection points occurred at some point in the past and should, therefore, reoccur at some point in the future, we should obtain confidence as to when SPY will reach a market inflection point. Time repetitions are essentially the market’s memory. However, simply measuring the time between two points then trying to extrapolate into the future does not work. Measuring time is not the same as defining time repetitions. We will evaluate past sessions for market inflection points, whether discretes, qualified swings, or intra-range. Then records the times that the market has made highs or lows in a comparable time period to the future one seeks to trade in. What follows is a time Histogram – A grouping of times which appear close together, then segregated based on that closeness. Time is aligned into combined histogram of repetitions and cycles, however cycles are irrelevant on a daily basis. If trading on an hourly basis, do not use hours.
Evaluating the yearly lows, we see that BTC tends to have its lows primarily at the beginning of every year, with a possibility of it being at the end of the year. Following the same methodology, we get the middle of the month as the likeliest day. However, evaluating the monthly lows for the past year, the beginning and end of the month are more likely for lows. Therefore, we have two primary dates from our histogram. 1/1/21, 1/15/21, and 1/29/21 2:00am, 8:00am, 12:00pm, or 10:00pm In fact, the high for this year was February the 14th, only thirty days off from our histogram calculations. The 8.6-Year Armstrong-Princeton Global Economic Confidence model states that 2.15 year intervals occur between corrections, relevant highs and lows. 2.15 years from the all-time peak discrete is February 9, 2020 – a reasonably accurate depiction of the low for this year (which was on 3/12/20). (Taking only the Armstrong model into account, the next high should be Saturday, April 23, 2022). Therefore, the Armstrong model indicates that we have actually bottomed out for the year! Bear markets cannot exist in perpetuity whereas bull markets can. Bear markets will eventually have price objectives of zero, whereas bull markets can increase to infinity. It can occur for individual market instruments, but not markets as a whole. Since bull markets are defined by low volatility, they also last longer. Once a bull market is indicated, the trader can remain in a long position until a new high is reached, then switch to shorts. The average bear market is eighteen months long, giving us a date of August 19th, 2021 for the end of this bear market – roughly speaking. They cannot be shorter than fifteen months for a central-bank controlled market, which does not apply to Bitcoin. (Otherwise, it would continue until Sunday, September 12, 2021.) However, we should expect Bitcoin to experience its’ exponential growth after the stock market re-enters a bull market. Terry Laundy’s T-Theory implemented by measuring the time of an indicator from peak to trough, then using that to define a future time window. It is similar to an head-and-shoulders pattern in that it is the process of forming the right side from a synthetic technical indicator. If the indicator is making continued lows, then time is recalculated for defining the right side of the T. The date of the market inflection point may be a price or indicator inflection date, so it is not always exactly useful. It is better to make us aware of possible market inflection points, clustered with other data. It gives us an RSI low of May, 9th 2020. The Bradley Cycle is coupled with volatility allows start dates for campaigns or put options as insurance in portfolios for stocks. However, it is also useful for predicting market moves instead of terminal dates for discretes. Using dates which correspond to discretes, we can see how those dates correspond with changes in VIX. Therefore, our timeline looks like:
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| | TL;DR - I will try and flip an account from $50 or less to $1,000 over 2019. I will post all my account details so my strategy can be seen/copied. I will do this using only three or four trading setups. All of which are simple enough to learn. I will start trading on 10th January. submitted by inweedwetrust to Forex [link] [comments] ---- As I see it there are two mains ways to understand how to make money in the markets. The first is to know what the biggest winners in the markets are doing and duplicating what they do. This is hard. Most of the biggest players will not publicly tell people what they are doing. You need to be able to kinda slide in with them and see if you can pick up some info. Not suitable for most people, takes a lot of networking and even then you have to be able to make the correct inferences. Another way is to know the most common trades of losing traders and then be on the other side of their common mistakes. This is usually far easier, usually everyone knows the mind of a losing trader. I learned about what losing traders do every day by being one of them for many years. I noticed I had an some sort of affinity for buying at the very top of moves and selling at the very bottom. This sucked, however, is was obvious there was winning trades on the other side of what I was doing and the adjustments to be a good trader were small (albeit, tricky). Thus began the study for entries and maximum risk:reward. See, there have been times I have bought aiming for a 10 pip scalps and hit 100 pips stops loss. Hell, there have been times I was going for 5 pips and hit 100 stop out. This can seem discouraging, but it does mean there must be 1:10 risk:reward pay-off on the other side of these mistakes, and they were mistakes. If you repeatedly enter and exit at the wrong times, you are making mistakes and probably the same ones over and over again. The market is tricking you! There are specific ways in which price moves that compel people to make these mistakes (I won’t go into this in this post, because it takes too long and this is going to be a long post anyway, but a lot of this is FOMO). Making mistakes is okay. In fact, as I see it, making mistakes is an essential part of becoming an expert. Making a mistake enough times to understand intrinsically why it is a mistake and then make the required adjustments. Understanding at a deep level why you trade the way you do and why others make the mistakes they do, is an important part of becoming an expert in your chosen area of focus. I could talk more on these concepts, but to keep the length of the post down, I will crack on to actual examples of trades I look for. Here are my three main criteria. I am looking for tops/bottoms of moves (edge entries). I am looking for 1:3 RR or more potential pay-offs. My strategy assumes that retail trades will lose most of the time. This seems a fair enough assumption. Without meaning to sound too crass about it, smart money will beat dumb money most of the time if the game is base on money. They just will. So to summarize, I am looking for the points newbies get trapped in bad positions entering into moves too late. From these areas, I am looking for high RR entries. Setup Examples. I call this one the “Lightning Bolt correction”, but it is most commonly referred to as a “two leg correction”. I call it a “Lightning Bolt correction” because it looks a bit like one, and it zaps you. If you get it wrong. https://preview.redd.it/t4whwijse2721.png?width=1326&format=png&auto=webp&s=c9050529c6e2472a3ff9f8e7137bd4a3ee5554cc Once I see price making the first sell-off move and then begin to rally towards the highs again, I am waiting for a washout spike low. The common trades mistakes I am trading against here is them being too eager to buy into the trend too early and for the to get stopped out/reverse position when it looks like it is making another bearish breakout. Right at that point they panic … literally one candle under there is where I want to be getting in. I want to be buying their stop loss, essentially. “Oh, you don’t want that ...okay, I will have that!” I need a precise entry. I want to use tiny stops (for big RR) so I need to be cute with entries. For this, I need entry rules. Not just arbitrarily buying the spike out. There are a few moving parts to this that are outside the scope of this post but one of my mains ways is using a fibs extension and looking for reversals just after the 1.61% level. How to draw the fibs is something else that is outside the scope of this but for one simple rule, they can be drawn on the failed new high leg. https://preview.redd.it/2cd682kve2721.png?width=536&format=png&auto=webp&s=f4d081c9faff49d0976f9ffab260aaed2b570309 I am looking for a few specific things for a prime setup. Firstly, I am looking for the false hope candles, the ones that look like they will reverse the market and let those buying too early get out break-even or even at profit. In this case, you can see the hammer and engulfing candle off the 127 level, then it spikes low in that “stop-hunt” sort of style. Secondly I want to see it trading just past my entry level (161 ext). This rule has come from nothing other than sheer volume. The amount of times I’ve been stopped out by 1 pip by that little sly final low has gave birth to this rule. I am looking for the market to trade under support in a manner that looks like a new strong breakout. When I see this, I am looking to get in with tiny stops, right under the lows. I will also be using smaller charts at this time and looking for reversal clusters of candles. Things like dojis, inverted hammers etc. These are great for sticking stops under. Important note, when the lightning bolt correction fails to be a good entry, I expect to see another two legs down. I may look to sell into this area sometimes, and also be looking for buying on another couple legs down. It is important to note, though, when this does not work out, I expect there to be continued momentum that is enough to stop out and reasonable stop level for my entry. Which is why I want to cut quick. If a 10 pips stop will hit, usually a 30 pips stop will too. Bin it and look for the next opportunity at better RR. https://preview.redd.it/mhkgy35ze2721.png?width=1155&format=png&auto=webp&s=a18278b85b10278603e5c9c80eb98df3e6878232 Another setup I am watching for is harmonic patterns, and I am using these as a multi-purpose indicator. When I see potentially harmonic patterns forming, I am using their completion level as take profits, I do not want to try and run though reversal patterns I can see forming hours ahead of time. I also use them for entering (similar rules of looking for specific entry criteria for small stops). Finally, I use them as a continuation pattern. If the harmonic pattern runs past the area it may have reversed from, there is a high probability that the market will continue to trend and very basic trend following strategies work well. I learned this from being too stubborn sticking with what I thought were harmonic reversals only to be ran over by a trend (seriously, everything I know I know from how it used to make me lose). https://preview.redd.it/1ytz2431f2721.png?width=1322&format=png&auto=webp&s=983a7f2a91f9195004ad8a2aa2bb9d4d6f128937 A method of spotting these sorts of M/W harmonics is they tend to form after a second spike out leg never formed. When this happens, it gives me a really good idea of where my profit targets should be and where my next big breakout level is. It is worth noting, larger harmonics using have small harmonics inside them (on lower time-frames) and this can be used for dialling in optimum entries. I also use harmonics far more extensively in ranging markets. Where they tend to have higher win rates. Next setup is the good old fashioned double bottoms/double top/one tick trap sort of setup. This comes in when the market is highly over extended. It has a small sell-off and rallies back to the highs before having a much larger sell-off. This is a more risky trade in that it sells into what looks like trending momentum and can be stopped out more. However, it also pays a high RR when it works, allowing for it to be ran at reduced risk and still be highly profitable when it comes through. https://preview.redd.it/1bx83776f2721.png?width=587&format=png&auto=webp&s=2c76c3085598ae70f4142d26c46c8d6e9b1c2881 From these sorts of moves, I am always looking for a follow up buy if it forms a lightning bolt sort of setup. All of these setups always offer 1:3 or better RR. If they do not, you are doing it wrong (and it will be your stop placement that is wrong). This is not to say the target is always 1:3+, sometimes it is best to lock in profits with training stops. It just means that every time you enter, you can potentially have a trade that runs for many times more than you risked. 1:10 RR can be hit in these sorts of setups sometimes. Paying you 20% for 2% risked. I want to really stress here that what I am doing is trading against small traders mistakes. I am not trying to “beat the market maker”. I am not trying to reverse engineer J.P Morgan’s black boxes. I do not think I am smart enough to gain a worthwhile edge over these traders. They have more money, they have more data, they have better softwares … they are stronger. Me trying to “beat the market maker” is like me trying to beat up Mike Tyson. I might be able to kick him in the balls and feel smug for a few seconds. However, when he gets up, he is still Tyson and I am still me. I am still going to be pummeled. I’ve seen some people that were fairly bright people going into training courses and coming out dumb as shit. Thinking they somehow are now going to dominate Goldman Sachs because they learned a chart pattern. Get a grip. For real, get a fucking grip. These buzz phrases are marketeering. Realististically, if you want to win in the markets, you need to have an edge over somebody. I don’t have edges on the banks. If I could find one, they’d take it away from me. Edges work on inefficiencies in what others do that you can spot and they can not. I do not expect to out-think a banks analysis team. I know for damn sure I can out-think a version of me from 5 years ago … and I know there are enough of them in the markets. I look to trade against them. I just look to protect myself from the larger players so they can only hurt me in limited ways. Rather than letting them corner me and beat me to a pulp (in the form of me watching $1,000 drop off my equity because I moved a stop or something), I just let them kick me in the butt as I run away. It hurts a little, but I will be over it soon. I believe using these principles, these three simple enough edge entry setups, selectiveness (remembering you are trading against the areas people make mistakes, wait for they areas) and measured aggression a person can make impressive compounded gains over a year. I will attempt to demonstrate this by taking an account of under $100 to over $1,000 in a year. I will use max 10% on risk on a position, the risk will scale down as the account size increases. In most cases, 5% risk per trade will be used, so I will be going for 10-20% or so profits. I will be looking only for prime opportunities, so few trades but hard hitting ones when I take them. I will start trading around the 10th January. Set remind me if you want to follow along. I will also post my investor login details, so you can see the trades in my account in real time. Letting you see when I place my orders and how I manage running positions. I also think these same principles can be tweaked in such a way it is possible to flip $50 or so into $1,000 in under a month. I’ve done $10 to $1,000 in three days before. This is far more complex in trade management, though. Making it hard to explain/understand and un-viable for many people to copy (it hedges, does not comply with FIFO, needs 1:500 leverage and also needs spreads under half a pip on EURUSD - not everyone can access all they things). I see all too often people act as if this can’t be done and everyone saying it is lying to sell you something. I do not sell signals. I do not sell training. I have no dog in this fight, I am just saying it can be done. There are people who do it. If you dismiss it as impossible; you will never be one of them. If I try this 10 times with $50, I probably am more likely to make $1,000 ($500 profit) in a couple months than standard ideas would double $500 - I think I have better RR, even though I may go bust 5 or more times. I may also try to demonstrate this, but it is kinda just show-boating, quite honestly. When it works, it looks cool. When it does not, I can go bust in a single day (see example https://www.fxblue.com/users/redditmicroflip). So I may or may not try and demonstrate this. All this is, is just taking good basic concepts and applying accelerated risk tactics to them and hitting a winning streak (of far less trades than you may think). Once you have good entries and RR optimization in place - there really is no reason why you can not scale these up to do what may people call impossible (without even trying it). I know there are a lot of people who do not think these things are possible and tend to just troll whenever people talk about these things. There used to be a time when I’d try to explain why I thought the way I did … before I noticed they only cared about telling me why they were right and discussion was pointless. Therefore, when it comes to replies, I will reply to all comments that ask me a question regarding why I think this can be done, or why I done something that I done. If you are commenting just to tell me all the reasons you think I am wrong and you are right, I will probably not reply. I may well consider your points if they are good ones. I just do not entering into discussions with people who already know everything; it serves no purpose. Edit: Addition. I want to talk a bit more about using higher percentage of risk than usual. Firstly, let me say that there are good reasons for risk caps that people often cite as “musts”. There are reasons why 2% is considered optimum for a lot of strategies and there are reasons drawing down too much is a really bad thing. Please do not be ignorant of this. Please do not assume I am, either. In previous work I done, I was selecting trading strategies that could be used for investment. When doing this, my only concern was drawdown metrics. These are essential for professional money management and they are also essential for personal long-term success in trading. So please do not think I have not thought of these sorts of things Many of the reasons people say these things can’t work are basic 101 stuff anyone even remotely committed to learning about trading learns in their first 6 months. Trust me, I have thought about these concepts. I just never stopped thinking when I found out what public consensus was. While these 101 rules make a lot of sense, it does not take away from the fact there are other betting strategies, and if you can know the approximate win rate and pay-off of trades, you can have other ways of deriving optimal bet sizes (risk per trade). Using Kelly Criterion, for example, if the pay-off is 1:3 and there is a 75% chance of winning, the optimal bet size is 62.5%. It would be a viable (high risk) strategy to have extremely filtered conditions that looked for just one perfect set up a month, makingover 150% if it was successful. Let’s do some math on if you can pull that off three months in a row (using 150% gain, for easy math). Start $100. Month two starts $250. Month three $625. Month three ends $1,562. You have won three trades. Can you win three trades in a row under these conditions? I don’t know … but don’t assume no-one can. This is extremely high risk, let’s scale it down to meet somewhere in the middle of the extremes. Let’s look at 10%. Same thing, 10% risk looking for ideal opportunities. Maybe trading once every week or so. 30% pay-off is you win. Let’s be realistic here, a lot of strategies can drawdown 10% using low risk without actually having had that good a chance to generate 30% gains in the trades it took to do so. It could be argued that trading seldomly but taking 5* the risk your “supposed” to take can be more risk efficient than many strategies people are using. I am not saying that you should be doing these things with tens of thousands of dollars. I am not saying you should do these things as long term strategies. What I am saying is do not dismiss things out of hand just because they buck the “common knowns”. There are ways you can use more aggressive trading tactics to turn small sums of money into they $1,000s of dollars accounts that you exercise they stringent money management tactics on. With all the above being said, you do have to actually understand to what extent you have an edge doing what you are doing. To do this, you should be using standard sorts of risks. Get the basics in place, just do not think you have to always be basic. Once you have good basics in place and actually make a bit of money, you can section off profits for higher risk versions of strategies. The basic concepts of money management are golden. For longevity and large funds; learned them and use them! Just don’t forget to think for yourself once you have done that. Update - Okay, I have thought this through a bit more and decided I don't want to post my live account investor login, because it has my full name and I do not know who any of you are. Instead, for copying/observing, I will give demo account login (since I can choose any name for a demo). I will also copy onto a live account and have that tracked via Myfxbook. I will do two versions. One will be FIFO compliant. It will trade only single trade positions. The other will not be FIFO compliant, it will open trades in batches. I will link up live account in a week or so. For now, if anyone wants to do BETA testing with the copy trader, you can do so with the following details (this is the non-FIFO compliant version). Account tracking/copying details. Low-Medium risk. IC Markets MT4 Account number: 10307003 Investor PW: lGdMaRe6 Server: Demo:01 (Not FIFO compliant) Valid and Invalid Complaints. There are a few things that can pop up in copy trading. I am not a n00b when it comes to this, so I can somewhat forecast what these will be. I can kinda predict what sort of comments there may be. Some of these are valid points that if you raise I should (and will) reply to. Some are things outside of the scope of things I can influence, and as such, there is no point in me replying to. I will just cover them all here the one time. Valid complains are if I do something dumb or dramatically outside of the strategy I have laid out here. won't do these, if I do, you can pitchfork ----E Examples; “Oi, idiot! You opened a trade randomly on a news spike. I got slipped 20 pips and it was a shit entry”. Perfectly valid complaint. “Why did you open a trade during swaps hours when the spread was 30 pips?” Also valid. “You left huge trades open running into the weekend and now I have serious gap paranoia!” Definitely valid. These are examples of me doing dumb stuff. If I do dumb stuff, it is fair enough people say things amounting to “Yo, that was dumb stuff”. Invalid Complains; “You bought EURUSD when it was clearly a sell!!!!” Okay … you sell. No-one is asking you to copy my trades. I am not trading your strategy. Different positions make a market. “You opened a position too big and I lost X%”. No. Na uh. You copied a position too big. If you are using a trade copier, you can set maximum risk. If you neglect to do this, you are taking 100% risk. You have no valid compliant for losing. The act of copying and setting the risk settings is you selecting your risk. I am not responsible for your risk. I accept absolutely no liability for any losses. *Suggested fix. Refer to risk control in copy trading software “You lost X trades in a row at X% so I lost too much”. Nope. You copied. See above. Anything relating to losing too much in trades (placed in liquid/standard market conditions) is entirely you. I can lose my money. Only you can set it up so you can lose yours. I do not have access to your account. Only mine. *Suggested fix. Refer to risk control in copy trading software “Price keeps trading close to the pending limit orders but not filling. Your account shows profits, but mine is not getting them”. This is brokerage. I have no control over this. I use a strategy that aims for precision, and that means a pip here and there in brokerage spreads can make a difference. I am trading to profit from my trading conditions. I do not know, so can not account for, yours. * Suggested fix. Compare the spread on your broker with the spread on mine. Adjust your orders accordingly. Buy limit orders will need to move up a little. Sell limit orders should not need adjusted. “I got stopped out right before the market turned, I have a loss but your account shows a profit”. This is brokerage. I have no control over this. I use a strategy that aims for precision, and that means a pip here and there differences in brokerage spreads can make a difference. I am trading to profit from my trading conditions. I do not know, so can not account for, yours. ** Suggested fix. Compare the spread on your broker with the spread on mine. Adjust your orders accordingly. Stop losses on sell orders will need to move up a bit. Stops on buy orders will be fine. “Your trade got stopped out right before the market turned, if it was one more pip in the stop, it would have been a winner!!!” Yeah. This happens. This is where the “risk” part of “risk:reward” comes in. “Price traded close to take profit, yours filled but mines never”. This is brokerage. I have no control over this. I use a strategy that aims for precision, and that means a pip here and there differences in brokerage spreads can make a difference. I am trading to profit from my trading conditions. I do not know, so can not account for, yours. (Side note, this should not be an issue since when my trade closes, it should ping your account to close, too. You might get a couple less pips). *** Suggested fix. Compare the spread on your broker with the spread on mine. Adjust your orders accordingly. Take profits on buys will need to move up a bit. Sell take profits will be fine. “My brokers spread jumped to 20 during the New York session so the open trade made a bigger loss than it should”. Your broker might just suck if this happens. This is brokerage. I have no control over this. My trades are placed to profit from my brokerage conditions. I do not know, so can not account for yours. Also, if accounting for random spread spikes like this was something I had to do, this strategy would not be a thing. It only works with fair brokerage conditions. *Suggested fix. Do a bit of Googling and find out if you have a horrific broker. If so, fix that! A good search phrase is; “(Broker name) FPA reviews”. “Price hit the stop loss but was going really fast and my stop got slipped X pips”. This is brokerage. I have no control over this. I use a strategy that aims for precision, and that means a pip here and there differences in brokerage spreads can make a difference. I am trading to profit from my trading conditions. I do not know, so can not account for, yours. If my trade also got slipped on the stop, I was slipped using ECN conditions with excellent execution; sometimes slips just happen. I am doing the most I can to prevent them, but it is a fact of liquidity that sometimes we get slipped (slippage can also work in our favor, paying us more than the take profit would have been). “Orders you placed failed to execute on my account because they were too large”. This is brokerage. I have no control over this. Margin requirements vary. I have 1:500 leverage available. I will not always be using it, but I can. If you can’t, this will make a difference. “Your account is making profits trading things my broker does not have” I have a full range of assets to trade with the broker I use. Included Forex, indices, commodities and cryptocurrencies. I may or may not use the extent of these options. I can not account for your brokerage conditions. I think I have covered most of the common ones here. There are some general rules of thumb, though. Basically, if I do something that is dumb and would have a high probability of losing on any broker traded on, this is a valid complain. Anything that pertains to risk taken in standard trading conditions is under your control. Also, anything at all that pertains to brokerage variance there is nothing I can do, other than fully brief you on what to expect up-front. Since I am taking the time to do this, I won’t be a punchbag for anything that happens later pertaining to this. I am not using an elitist broker. You don’t need $50,000 to open an account, it is only $200. It is accessible to most people - brokerage conditions akin to what I am using are absolutely available to anyone in the UK/Europe/Asia (North America, I am not so up on, so can’t say). With the broker I use, and with others. If you do not take the time to make sure you are trading with a good broker, there is nothing I can do about how that affects your trades. I am using an A book broker, if you are using B book; it will almost certainly be worse results. You have bad costs. You are essentially buying from reseller and paying a mark-up. (A/B book AKA ECN/Market maker; learn about this here). My EURUSD spread will typically be 0.02 pips or so, if yours is 1 pip, this is a huge difference. These are typical spreads I am working on. https://preview.redd.it/yc2c4jfpab721.png?width=597&format=png&auto=webp&s=c377686b2485e13171318c9861f42faf325437e1 Check the full range of spreads on Forex, commodities, indices and crypto. Please understand I want nothing from you if you benefit from this, but I am also due you nothing if you lose. My only term of offering this is that people do not moan at me if they lose money. I have been fully upfront saying this is geared towards higher risk. I have provided information and tools for you to take control over this. If I do lose people’s money and I know that, I honestly will feel a bit sad about it. However, if you complain about it, all I will say is “I told you that might happen”, because, I am telling you that might happen. Make clear headed assessments of how much money you can afford to risk, and use these when making your decisions. They are yours to make, and not my responsibility. Update. Crazy Kelly Compounding: $100 - $11,000 in 6 Trades. $100 to $11,000 in 6 trades? Is it a scam? Is it a gamble? … No, it’s maths. Common sense risk disclaimer: Don’t be a dick! Don’t risk money you can’t afford to lose. Do not risk money doing these things until you can show a regular profit on low risk. Let’s talk about Crazy Kelly Compounding (CKC). Kelly criterion is a method for selecting optimal bet sizes if the odds and win rate are known (in other words, once you have worked out how to create and assess your edge). You can Google to learn about it in detail. The formula for Kelly criterion is; ((odds-1) * (percentage estimate)) - (1-percent estimate) / (odds-1) X 100 Now let’s say you can filter down a strategy to have a 80% win rate. It trades very rarely, but it had a very high success rate when it does. Let’s say you get 1:2 RR on that trade. Kelly would give you an optimum bet size of about 60% here. So if you win, you win 120%. Losing three trades in a row will bust you. You can still recover from anything less than that, fairly easily with a couple winning trades. This is where CKC comes in. What if you could string some of these wins together, compounding the gains (so you were risking 60% each time)? What if you could pull off 6 trades in a row doing this? Here is the math; https://preview.redd.it/u3u6teqd7c721.png?width=606&format=png&auto=webp&s=3b958747b37b68ec2a769a8368b5cbebfe0e97ff This shows years, substitute years for trades. 6 trades returns $11,338! This can be done. The question really is if you are able to dial in good enough entries, filter out enough sub-par trades and have the guts to pull the trigger when the time is right. Obviously you need to be willing to take the hit, obviously that hit gets bigger each time you go for it, but the reward to risk ratio is pretty decent if you can afford to lose the money. We could maybe set something up to do this on cent brokers. So people can do it literally risking a couple dollars. I’d have to check to see if there was suitable spreads etc offered on them, though. They can be kinda icky. Now listen, I am serious … don’t be a dick. Don’t rush out next week trying to retire by the weekend. What I am showing you is the EXTRA rewards that come with being able to produce good solid results and being able to section off some money for high risk “all or nothing” attempts; using your proven strategies. I am not saying anyone can open 6 trades and make $11,000 … that is rather improbable. What I am saying is once you can get the strategy side right, and you can know your numbers; then you can use the numbers to see where the limits actually are, how fast your strategy can really go. This CKC concept is not intended to inspire you to be reckless in trading, it is intended to inspire you to put focus on learning the core skills I am telling you that are behind being able to do this. |
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| | This is a test of different methods to make passive income. With different goals, starting requirements, time to build requirements and business models. submitted by Yea_I_Reddit to passiveincome [link] [comments] There are three questions to be addressed and answered; Can a person build up meaningful passive incomes starting free, and spending less than an hour a day. The three models I will use will be building an online services based business, and later outsource the delivery of service. Write long form blog posts to target niche questions in an area of which I am very knowledgeable, and investing in managed Forex accounts. More in-depth details on each; Services Business With this, I will see if I can build a services company from $0 revenue with $0 out of pocket costs. Once I have met a target amount of net profit monthly, I will look into ways to outsource the service delivery at a cost less than my monthly income. When I'm making money with this, I'll re-invest it into improving things like websites, marketing funnels and product delivery efficiency. I'll be selling an informational based product on subscription. I will have weekly and monthly subscription offers, and will do these at extremely low price points. $3 a week or $10 a month. It's the old "Stack 'em high and sell 'em low" tactic. I know there is a lot of scepticism (rightly so) around the niche I am working in. A lot of people do the same service with terribly low quality. The best way to succeed here, is to make it almost risk free to try it, and then leverage world of mouth - social proof is king in sceptical niches. I set this up in 20 minutes. There's no need to spend a lot of time on it. I used wix.com for a free website. Their template feature built the website, and I edited the details. Really, 10 minute job. Then I used the Wix logo maker to get some logos. I set up a Facebook fan page, with that I set up a couple groups. One is a public group for marketing, the other is a paid members group. I used Canava to make my cover pictures for this. https://www.canva.com/create/facebook-covers. I also set up a Telegram channel for quick and direct communication with paid members. I will spend about 20 - 30 minutes on this a day. I will do my content for the paid members, and then I will also water this down a bit and use it for marketing also. As time goes on, I will add different distribution channels for the marketing content. I will do this by creating one solid bit of content, and then little bits of it as feeder content. This recycling of content is referred to by Gary Vee as "Sawdust content", and it's a great way to leverage time. https://www.garyvaynerchuk.com/content-content-content/ I am going to drive past this by making my main promotion method a week's free trial. The niche is quite technical, it has a learning curve to it. To save me a lot of hassle on FAQs and teaching the absolute basics, I am going to focus my posting efforts into areas where people speak my language. I'll promote in dedicated forums. The audience of this will be highly targeted, and convert easily for a free trial. They'll also cover easily to the low ball subscription. So long as the service does it's job, they'll stay on and tell others. If it doesn't do it's job, I do not deserve to be paid. When it comes to outsourcing, I have a few options. I can take apprentices. Teach them the skills for free, and then later give them jobs. There's the option of directly hiring a competing service to basically white label for me. Finally I have the option of selling the entire business for a large pay off, although this is not technically passive income, I would get paid 2 years worth of time running the service up-front. I class that as a win. SEO Blog For my SEO blog, I am going to set up a "Go to" guide for people setting up services that are very similar to the services company mentioned above. I know, It's like typing 'Google' into Google ... there's no way to tell what will happen. I will actually be teaching them how to set up a service a step above the one I am doing for the services passive income. Anyone who does well with the services company I am doing will naturally switch to a more profitable and easier to run service. I've already been down that road. I know the questions and challenges these people will face making this evolution in their business, and I can provide a lot of value to these business owners. I've done basic keyword research, and I think I can write better articles than currently exist, and can do more "SEO stuff" than those ranking now have done. I'll monetise this with affiliate offers (there are things essential to running the business, most of my traffic will need these things). I will also probably scale this out to offer things like article writing, lead generation, sales funnels and so on. Of the above, almost everything can be outsourced if it is bespoke, or created quickly from templates that are customised to suit the business owner wanting to purchase it. So these are easily made passive incomes, and the affiliate deals pay me recurring without extra inputs from me. So all I need to do is get the blog to the top of Google on my searches, and then systematise the delivery of things I sell there. Again I am not going to take a lot of time on making the website here. I'll use Wordpress, I'll use Elementor as a page builder. The general stuff on my site will be nothing flashy or fancy. Clean, professional and minimalist suits my niche well. 80% of my time on this will be spent on keyword research and article writing. I am not going to put huge efforts into backlinking and other SEO tactics. I'll make my on page SEO tight, and then I will write extremely high value articles. My play on this will be entirely based upon writing stuff people do not bounce from. I'll do my best to be the best, and then trust Google will work that out, somehow. Start up costs on this are low, but there are some. It requires at least a domain name and hosting. Also autoreposnders and likewise tools will help. Net starting costs for this does not exceed $200. I will allocate on average 2 hours a day to this. This may be in small blocks of writing and keyword research each day, and sometimes marathon writing seasons. I will be using a basic SEO model of having some main pillar content (4,000 words or so) and a bunch of feeder blogs (1,500 - words or so). If and when I do any sort of backlink building (and I will, if my raw writing is not ranking) , I'll adopt the sawdust strategy as explained by Gary Vee. As an added bonus, I can run another little services business from this website that is related to my low cost services business. This then acts as a natural place to send people who are highly over qualified for my super cheap service. Alternatively, I can sell these people as leads to business owners looking to learn more about setting up these services and landing on my site. This makes me less, but is entirely passive. Speculating and Compounding For this, I've invested $10,000 into a managed Forex trading account that runs on a medium/high risk setting. This is entirely passive. The trading team and I sign a contract. Then everything just happens. I'm a person of relatively high risk tolerance, so I am willing to see my investment swing down 30 - 35% in the worst losing streaks. Based on historical results, this should enable me to average over 20% a month (using geometric averaging over 12 months). Meaning I compound over 250% annually. I will run this investment for at least 3 years, which if target gains continue to hit, will compound to over 1,000% gain. Even though I am risk tolerant, I am not mental. So my continued investment is this is contingent upon the account manager maintaining common sense risk protection benchmarks. If anything "weird" happens, I'll pull all or most of my investment, and allocate to different account managers. Results so far on managed account: +$1,047.11 https://preview.redd.it/1up08q4an8c31.png?width=818&format=png&auto=webp&s=8c4b29839cc7bca7924998e975f92705fe715230 I will post either weekly or bi-weekly (depending on other obligations) updates on how these ventures develop. |
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| | stock market submitted by Red-its to forexinfo [link] [comments] What's the Stock Market? full guide.The inventory market refers back to the assortment of markets and exchanges the place common actions of shopping for, promoting, and issuance of shares of publicly-held firms happen. Such monetary actions are performed by way of institutionalized formal exchanges or over-the-counter (OTC) marketplaces which function underneath an outlined set of laws. There may be a number of inventory buying and selling venues in a rustic or an area which permit transactions in shares and different types of securities.Whereas each phrase - inventory market and inventory alternate - are used interchangeably, the latter time period is usually a subset of the previous. If one says that she trades within the inventory market, it implies that she buys and sells shares/equities on one (or extra) of the inventory alternate(s) which are a part of the general inventory market. The main inventory exchanges within the U.S. embrace the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), Nasdaq, the Higher Different Buying and selling System (BATS). and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). These main nationwide exchanges, together with a number of different exchanges working within the nation, type the inventory market of the U.S. Although it's known as an inventory market or fairness market and is primarily identified for buying and selling shares/equities, different monetary securities - like exchange-traded funds (ETF), corporate bonds and derivatives primarily based on shares, commodities, currencies, and bonds - are additionally traded within the inventory markets. Read also.
Inventory MarketUnderstanding the Inventory MarketWhereas right this moment it's potential to buy nearly every part online, there's often a delegated marketplace for each commodity. For example, folks drive to metropolis outskirts and farmlands to buy Christmas bushes, go to the native timber market to purchase wooden and different obligatory materials for house furnishings and renovations, and go to shops like Walmart for his or her common grocery provides.Such devoted markets function a platform the place quite a few patrons and sellers meet, work together and transact. For the reason that a variety of market individuals is large, one is assured of good worth. For instance, if there is just one vendor of Christmas bushes in your complete metropolis, he could have the freedom to cost any worth he pleases because the patrons gained’t have wherever else to go. If the variety of tree sellers is massive in a standard market, they must compete in opposition to one another to draw patrons. The patrons can be spoiled for selection with low- or optimum-pricing making it a good market with worth transparency. Even whereas buying online, patrons examine costs supplied by totally different sellers on the identical buying portal or throughout totally different portals to get one of the best offers, forcing the assorted online sellers to supply one of the best worth. An inventory market is an identical designated marketplace for buying and selling numerous sorts of securities in a managed, safe and managed the atmosphere. For the reason that inventory market brings collectively a whole bunch of hundreds of market individuals who want to purchase and promote shares, it ensures honest pricing practices and transparency in transactions. Whereas earlier inventory markets used to situation and deal in paper-based bodily share certificates, the fashionable day computer-aided inventory markets function electronically. How the Inventory Market WorksIn a nutshell, inventory markets present a safe and controlled atmosphere the place market individuals can transact in shares and different eligible monetary devices with confidence with zero- to low-operational danger. Working underneath the outlined guidelines as acknowledged by the regulator, the inventory markets act as primary markets and as secondary markets.As the main market, the inventory market permits firms to the situation and promote their shares to the wider public for the primary time by way of the method of initial public offerings (IPO). This exercise helps firms increase obligatory capital from traders. It primarily implies that an organization divides itself into quite a few shares (say, 20 million shares) and sells part of these shares (say, 5 million shares) to the wider public at a worth (say, $10 per share). To facilitate this course of, an organization wants a market the place these shares may be offered. This market is offered by the inventory market. If every part goes as per the plans, the corporate will efficiently promote the 5 million shares at a worth of $10 per share and acquire $50 million value of funds. Traders will get the corporate shares which they will anticipate to carry for his or her most well-liked length, in anticipation of rising in share worth and any potential revenue within the type of dividend funds. The inventory alternate acts as a facilitator for this capital elevating course of and receives a charge for its providers from the corporate and its monetary companions. Following the first-time share issuance IPO train known as the itemizing course of, the inventory alternate additionally serves because the buying and selling platform that facilitates common shopping for and promoting of the listed shares. This constitutes the secondary market. The inventory alternate earns a charge for each commerce that happens on its platform in the course of the secondary market exercise. The inventory alternate shoulders the accountability of making certain price transparency, liquidity, price discovery and honest dealings in such buying and selling actions. As nearly all main inventory markets throughout the globe now function electronically, the alternate maintains buying and selling techniques that effectively handle the purchase and promote orders from numerous market individuals. They carry out the worth matching operate to facilitate commerce execution at a worth honest to each patron and sellers. A listed firm can also supply new, extra shares by way of different choices at a later stage, like by way of rights issue or by way of follow-on offers. They could even buyback or delist their shares. The inventory alternate facilitates such transactions. The inventory alternate usually creates and maintains numerous market-level and sector-specific indicators, just like the S&P 500 index or Nasdaq 100 index, which give a measure to trace the motion of the general market. The inventory exchanges additionally preserve all firm information, bulletins, and monetary reporting, which may be often accessed on their official web sites. An inventory alternate additionally helps numerous different corporate-level, transaction-related actions. For example, worthwhile firms might reward traders by paying dividends which often comes from the part of the corporate’s earnings. The alternate maintains all such data and will assist its processing to a sure extent. Features of an Inventory MarketAn inventory market primarily serves the next features:Truthful Dealing in Securities Transactions: Relying on the usual rules of demand and supply, the inventory alternate wants to make sure that all market individuals have instantaneous entry to information for all purchase and promote orders thereby serving to within the honest and clear pricing of securities. Moreover, it also needs to carry out environment-friendly matching of acceptable purchase and promote orders. For instance, there could also be three patrons who've positioned orders for purchasing Microsoft shares at $100, $105 and $110, and there could also be 4 sellers who're keen to promote Microsoft shares at $110, $112, $115 and $120. The alternate (by way of their pc operated automated buying and selling techniques) wants to make sure that one of the best purchase and greatest promote are matched, which on this case is at $110 for the given amount of commerce. Environment-friendly Value Discovery: Inventory markets must assist an environment-friendly mechanism for worth discovery, which refers back to the act of deciding the correct worth of a safety and is often carried out by assessing market provide and demand and different components related to the transactions. Say, a U.S.-based software program firm is buying and selling at a worth of $100 and has a market capitalization of $5 billion. Information merchandise is available in that the EU regulator has imposed a wonderful of $2 billion on the corporate which primarily implies that 40 % of the corporate’s worth could also be worn out. Whereas the inventory market might have imposed a buying and selling worth vary of $90 and $110 on the corporate’s share worth, it ought to effectively change the permissible buying and selling worth restrict to accommodate for the potential adjustments within the share worth, else shareholders might battle to commerce at a good worth. Liquidity Upkeep: Whereas getting the variety of patrons and sellers for a specific monetary safety are uncontrolled for the inventory market, it wants to make sure that whosoever is certified and keen to commerce will get instantaneous entry to position orders which ought to get executed on the honest worth. Safety and Validity of Transactions: Whereas extra individuals are vital for environment-friendly working of a market, the identical market wants to make sure that all individuals are verified and stay compliant with the required guidelines and laws, leaving no room for default by any of the events. Moreover, it ought to make sure that all related entities working out there should additionally adhere to the principles, and work inside the authorized framework given by the regulator. Help All Eligible Kinds of Contributors: A market is made by quite a lot of individuals, which embrace market makers, traders, merchants, speculators, and hedgers. All these individuals function within the inventory market with totally different roles and features. For example, an investor might purchase shares and maintain them for long run spanning a few years, whereas a dealer might enter and exit a place inside seconds. A market maker gives obligatory liquidity out there, whereas a hedger might prefer to commerce in derivatives for mitigating the danger concerned in investments. The inventory market ought to make sure that all such individuals are capable of function seamlessly fulfilling their desired roles to make sure the market continues to function effectively. Investor Safety: Together with rich and institutional traders, a really massive variety of small traders are additionally served by the inventory marketplace for their small quantity of investments. These traders might have restricted monetary information, and will not be totally conscious of the pitfalls of investing in shares and different listed devices. The inventory alternate should implement obligatory measures to supply the required safety to such traders to protect them from monetary loss and guarantee buyer belief. For example, an inventory alternate might categorize shares in numerous segments relying on their danger profiles and permit restricted or no buying and selling by widespread traders in high-risk shares. Derivatives, which have been described by Warren Buffett as monetary weapons of mass destruction, aren't for everybody as one might lose far more than they guess for. Exchanges usually impose restrictions to forestall people with restricted revenue and information from entering into dangerous bets of derivatives. Balanced Regulation: Listed firms are largely regulated and their dealings are monitored by market regulators, just like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the U.S. Moreover, exchanges additionally mandate sure necessities – like, well timed submitting of quarterly monetary stories and instantaneous reporting of any related developments - to make sure all market individuals grow to be conscious of company happenings. Failure to stick to the laws can result in the suspension of buying and selling by the exchanges and different disciplinary measures. Regulating the Inventory MarketAn area monetary regulator or competent financial authority or institute is assigned the duty of regulating the inventory market of a rustic. The Securities and Alternate Fee (SEC) is the regulatory physique charged with overseeing the U.S. inventory markets. The SEC is a federal company that works independently of the federal government and political strain. The mission of the SEC is acknowledged as: "to guard traders, preserve honest, orderly, and environment-friendly markets, and facilitate capital formation."Inventory Market ContributorsTogether with long-term traders and brief time period merchants, there are a lot of several types of gamers related to the inventory market. Everyone has a singular function, however, lots of the roles are intertwined and rely on one another to make the market run successfully.
How Inventory Exchanges Make CashInventory exchanges function as for-profit institutes and cost a charge for his or her providers. The first supply of revenue for these inventory exchanges are the revenues from the transaction charges which are charged for every commerce carried out on its platform. Moreover, exchanges earn income from the itemizing charge charged to firms in the course of the IPO course of and different follow-on choices.The alternate additionally earn from promoting market information generated on its platform - like real-time information, historical information, abstract information, and reference information – which is significant for fairness analysis and different makes use of. Many exchanges will even promote know-how merchandise, like a buying and selling terminal and devoted community connection to the alternate, to the events for an acceptable charge. The alternate might supply privileged providers like high-frequency trading to bigger purchasers like mutual funds and asset management companies (AMC), and earn cash accordingly. There are provisions for regulatory charge and registration charge for various profiles of market individuals, just like the market maker and dealer, which type different sources of revenue for the inventory exchanges. The alternate additionally make income by licensing their indexes (and their methodology) that are generally used as a benchmark for launching numerous merchandise like mutual funds and ETFs by AMCs. Many exchanges additionally present programs and certification on numerous monetary matters to trade individuals and earn revenues from such subscriptions. Competitors for Inventory MarketsWhereas particular person inventory exchanges compete in opposition to one another to get most transaction quantity, they're dealing with menace on two fronts.Darkish Swimming pools: Dark pools, that are personal exchanges or boards for securities buying and selling and function inside personal teams, are posing a problem to public inventory markets. Although their authorized validity is topic to native laws, they're gaining a reputation as individuals save massive on transaction charges. Blockchain Ventures: Amid rising reputation of blockchains, many crypto exchanges have emerged. Such exchanges are venues for buying and selling cryptocurrencies and derivatives related to that asset class. Although their reputation stays restricted, they pose a menace to the standard inventory market mannequin by automating a bulk of the work completed by numerous inventory market individuals and by providing zero- to low-cost providers. Significance of the Inventory MarketThe inventory market is among the most significant parts of a free-market economic system.It permits firms to lift cash by providing inventory shares and company bonds. It lets widespread traders take part within the monetary achievements of the businesses, make income by way of capital gains, and earn cash by way of dividends, though losses are additionally potential. Whereas institutional traders {and professional} cash managers do get pleasure from some privileges owing to their deep pockets, higher information and better danger taking skills, the inventory market makes an attempt to supply a stage taking part in subject to widespread people. The inventory market works as a platform by way of which financial savings and investments of people are channelized into the productive funding proposals. In the long run, it helps in capital formation & financial progress for the nation. KEY TAKEAWAYS
Examples of Inventory MarketsThe primary inventory market on the planet was the London inventory alternate. It was begun in a coffeehouse, the place merchants used to satisfy to alternate shares, in 1773. The primary inventory alternate in the USA of America began in Philadelphia in 1790. The Buttonwood settlement, so named as a result of it was signed underneath a buttonwood tree, marked the beginnings of New York's Wall Avenue in 1792. The settlement was signed by 24 merchants and was the primary American group of its type to commerce in securities. The merchants renamed their enterprise as New York Inventory and Alternate Board in 1817. |
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