If you haven't seen my first post about getting a diagnosis and HRT, you can find it here.
Hey, I'm Emma (legally now!!!), a 29 year old trans woman, and as of today I've completed almost everything involved in the name and gender change process. Given it's a ton of work (and a fair expense), I thought I'd write up the steps I followed to make it easier for anyone else trying to do the same thing.

Prepare

Get a notebook or a text doc on your computer, or something like that. Write down every company you interact with, everyone who emails you, every place you have an account with, basically anything that has your deadname on it.
Now, go through these and see how many you can just change without providing proof. A lot of companies just let you edit it (or will do so if you email them and ask). For the ones that don't, start noting down what ID they require. A lot will just be happy with a scan of your birth certificate, but some will want photo ID, a utility bill, or a certified copy of one of those.
Certified copies are a bit of a pain, basically you need to make a photocopy (or scan and print) the document, then take the copy and original to someone "authorised" who will look over the two, then stamp and sign it to say they're identical. Companies vary on who they'll allow to certify a document, but basically everyone accepts a Justice of the Peace (JP), and most councils run a free JP service, which is what I used. Note that JPs can certify email bills, but in a slightly different way - they basically just get you to swear that it's a legitimate copy and sign some stuff, but as far as I can tell it works just fine.

Get a letter from a medical professional or psych

In South Australia you *do not* need to have had surgery to qualify for a gender change. I got mine on the back of ~4 months HRT, and I believe psychiatric help will also do. I asked my endocrinologist for a letter and she was happy to provide one.

The Birth Certificate

Okay, here's the big one! You'll need to fill out a Change of Sex or Gender Identity form (PDF, Website) and a Change of Name form (PDF, Website). Read the hell out of the websites and PDFs, they're long and confusing but you need to know this stuff! Print out the forms and fill them out. On the gender change form, you can choose from Male, Female, Non-binary, or Indeterminate/intersex/unspecifed.
The cost if you do both at once is $321 (at time of writing). I got a bit worried by the combined discount because the forms both have individual payment sections, but what you do is just put the $321 on one form and write "see [first form's name] for full amount" on the other and they figure it out. This fee includes them sending you two (!!) nice new birth certificates. Both are just normal looking certificates, but one only has your new name and gender on it, and the other has a change list on the back, which includes your old ones (this is very useful for changing your name elsewhere).
Another tip for the forms is that there's basically only one spot on the name form that asks for your new name, every other field wants your deadname. On the gender change form, it doesn't ask for your new name at all, they just figure it out because you're sending the forms in at the same time. If you have any questions about the form you can call the office of Consumer and Business Services on 131 882. The person I spoke to was really friendly and helpful, and got the answers I needed after a bit of searching.
You're going to need a bunch of ID for these forms, and you'll also need a witness for the change of name, so it's time to head to a JP (again, use the free council service) and get that done. I was told by CBS that each form needed its own ID (so two copies of each document), so make sure you've got enough copies. I also recommend making a backup copy of your old birth certificate, because you're putting the original in an envelope and posting it off, and that's kinda dicey imo. I also really recommend using some combination of registered post/tracking/insurance, depending on your level of worry.
Post the forms off along with your old birth certificate and ID, and wait anxiously. The CBS website estimates about a month's wait, but mine got done in about 10 days! You don't get any warning that it's done, just a letter from the SA Gov in the mail with the new birth certs in it. Take a moment to celebrate this, because for me opening that letter was the best feeling in the world. You earned it, well done!

Medicare

I'm going to tell you right now: do not bother trying to look up the process for this. It's the classic bureaucracy experience. Instead, just email [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) with the subject line Change of Name (DeadSurname DeadFirstname) and a scan of the front and back of your new birth certificate that shows the changes. No other stuff, no forms (this is important), just that. They send you an autoreply that says it'll take months, but that's for new applications and stuff like that. I got a response in 9 days - a lady calling from a blocked caller ID (thanks Services Australia) to confirm a couple of details, and the change went through that afternoon. Obviously it takes a while to send out the new card, but in the meantime if your Medicare is linked to MyGov, you can download the Medicare app (confusingly called Express Plus Medicare on iOS) and it has a card display feature that people should accept. There's no charge for this process.
Note that you may need to get prescriptions/blood test forms/etc re-issued in your new name, I'm not sure about this but I'm emailing my endo tonight.

Photo ID

I don't have a driver's license, so I can't comment on that, but here's the Proof of Age Card process, which I imagine is fairly similar? First, you'll need to fill out an application form (PDF, Website), then head into Services SA (don't do the online application, I'm guessing you'll want a new photo), and let them know you've changed your name and want to update your proof of age card. They'll give you a form to fill out that updates your details with the government department, and ask to see your birth certificate (bring the original with the change list). Fill out the form and take that, your birth cert, your old proof of age card, and your application form from earlier to the counter when you get called, they'll process it, take your photo, and a week or two later you should have your new card! The cost is $25. Here's me celebrating about it!

ATO

Second easiest of the lot! You just go to their website via MyGov, choose the option from the menus, enter in your details exactly as they appear on your birth cert (pay attention to the little diagram, it explains where to find everything), it does some verification magic, and you're done! No wait, no documents, no forms!

SA Water

The best one. Just log in to their website, hit My Settings, then Edit Details. Done!

Everything Else

I highly recommend getting some easy utilities done first - a lot of other places require a utility bill in your new name, and you'll be waiting for your next billing date for them. Once you have them and your list of what needs certified copies, head back to the JP and get them all done in a big batch. You'll probably need a lot of copies of your birth cert (front and back to show the change) as well. Head to the post office and buy some prepaid envelopes too.
Company website searches can suck, I recommend googling [company name] change name. You'll usually find a PDF form with all the requirements or a web page that spells it out. Worst case, give them a ring and they can help you out. Also, if you have a will, don't forget to update that too!
AGL: You need to call them. They may also need to re-create your online account to make it show the new name in there.
NAB: Need to go in person to a branch with your birth cert (showing the change) AND photo ID in your new name. This is a recent policy change.
ING: You need to fill out a form, provide certified copy of your birth cert (front and back) and post it all to them. Took about a week for them to call me to verbally confirm the change. They posted the cards out the same day, and provided SMS updates as well.
Super: Each fund should have the details on their website, the two I dealt with required a posted form and certified ID.
Amex: You call them, upload a scan of your birth cert (front and back) through the website while on the phone, and they sort it out.
Optus: Posted form, birth certificate showing change (front and back). They don't say it needs to be certified but I did it anyway to be safe. The address listed on the form and the website are different. I tried the form's address and it worked fine, took 9 days.
Council: I called them to ask, just needed to email them scans of my birth certificate (front and back), might vary from place to place
House title, etc: Have not tried. Expensive and needs a conveyancer.

B1048 - Gender Recognition (Reform) Bill - Amendment Division

Gender Recognition (Reform) Bill

A
Bill
To
Reform the grounds and procedure in order to obtain gender recognition; and for connected purposes
BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-
1 - Definitions:
The “2004 Act” refers to the Gender Recognition Act 2004.
The “2015 Acts” refers to the Gender Equality Act 2015 and the Gender Equality Enhancement Act 2015
2 - Amendments to the 2004 Act
(1)The following provisions of the 2004 Act are repealed—

Section 1 (3) and (4) and consequently Schedule 1 and the definition of “Gender Recognition Panel” under Section 25.
Section 2, except for (5) as amended —

(5) Where gender markings are required to denote gender identity in all official documentation including but not limited to Passports, Driving Licenses and correspondence from Government Departments, a non binary person shall be afforded the option to denote their legal gender identity an ‘x’, or as ‘non-binary’

and consequently the definitions of “Gender Dysphoria” and “approved country or territory” under Section 25 are repealed

Section 3 in its entirety and consequently the definition of “Chartered Psychologist” under Section 25.
Section 4 in its entirety and consequently Schedule 2.
Section 6 in its entirety
Section 7 in its entirety
Section 8 in its entirety
Section 10 (1A) (a)
Section 11 in its entirety and consequently schedule 4
Section 13 in its entirety and consequently schedule 5
Section 21 in its entirety

(2) The following sections in the 2004 Act are amended—

In Section 1 (1), replace “either gender” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof,” and in subsection (a), replace “the other gender” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof,” and in subsection (b) insert “identity, or lack thereof” after “gender” and in subsection (c ) replace “either gender” with “any gender identity”
In Section 1 (2) , insert “identity” after gender in the definition “the acquired gender”, and in subsections (a) and (b), add “identity, or lack thereof” after references to “gender”

and subsequently add “identity” after “acquired gender” in Section 10 (5) and Section 25

In Section 17, replace mentions of “a full gender recognition certificate has been issued to any person or revoked” with “a person’s gender identity, or lack thereof, has become, or ceased to be”
In Section 20, replace “to whom a full gender recognition certificate has been issued were not” with “had not become”
In Section 22, replace (2) with:

(2) “Protected Information” means information that relates to a person: (a) who has made an application for a gender recognition certificate and which concerns that application or any other application by that person under this Act. (b) whose gender identity, or lack thereof, has become the acquired gender identity and concerns the gender identity before it became the acquired gender identity.

In Section 25, omit references to “interim gender recognition certificate”

(3) Insert a new section into the 2004 Act, reading:

2A - Applications to the Registrar General Schedule 3A (Applications to the Registrar General) has effect .

And Schedule 3A shall be implemented as per the schedule of this Act.
3 - Amendments to the 2015 Acts
Section 2 in the Gender Equality Act 2015 is repealed in its entirety, and consequently Section 2 of the Gender Equality Enhancement Act 2015 is repealed.
4 - Amendments to the Equality Act 2010
In Section 27 of Schedule 3, replace—

in subsection (1) and (6) “one sex” with “the same gender identity”
in subsection (2), “sex” with “the same gender identity”
in subsections (3) and (4), “both sexes” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof ”
in subsection (4), “each sex” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof”
in subsection (6), “opposite sex” with “a different gender identity, or lack thereof ”
in subsection (7), “that same sex” with “that same gender identity”

And insert subsection (9) reading, “A person using a service should be under no obligation to disclose their gender identity or be excluded from using a service based on their perceived gender identity, or lack thereof”
And insert subsection (a) after (9) reading, “any exclusion based on perceived gender identity, or lack thereof, or based on a person’s gender which has ceased to be the same as their acquired gender, shall be treated as discrimination based on gender identity.”
And rename the cross heading “Single Sex Spaces” to “Same Gender Identity Spaces”
5 - Extent, Commencement and Short Title
(1)This Section and Section 4 extends to England and Wales, and Scotland
(2) Section 1, Section 2, Section 3 and consequently the Schedule of this Act extends to England and Wales only.
(3)This Act comes into force 6 months after Royal Assent.
(4) This Act may be cited as the Gender Recognition (Reform) Act 2020.
#Schedule
Insert in the 2004 Act:
Schedule 3A - Applications to the Registrar General
1 - Interpretations
In this section, “Registrar General” shall refer to the Registrar General for England & Wales.
2 - Persons who may apply to the Registrar General for Gender Recognition
(1)A person making an application under Section 1 (1) of this Act may do so if they meet the condition that:

(a) is a subject of a UK birth registry entry or; (b) is not the subject of such an entry, but is an ordinary resident in England or Wales.

3 - Notice to be given by Registrar General upon receipt of application
(1)On receipt of an application under Section 1 (1) of this Act, the Registrar General must notify the applicant in writing, including electronic form: —

(a) that the application has been received (b) the date by which a Gender Recognition Certificate will be provided. (c)that the applicant has the right to revoke the Gender Recognition Certificate during the intermission period and is not limited to applying for a Gender Recognition Certificate again after this period. (d)reiterate that there is no cost for applying for a Gender Recognition Certificate in this instance or in future instances of application.

4 - Ground for which application is granted
(1)The Registrar General must grant application under section 1 (1) of this Act if—

(a) the application includes a statutory declaration by the applicant that the applicant meets the criteria of: (i) Section 1 of this Act (ii) Section 2 of this Schedule

(2) A statutory declaration shall be the only requirement by the Registrar General to process an application for a Gender Recognition Certificate

(a) An applicant may declare they intend to live in their acquired gender permanently but the absence of this must have no bearing on the processing of a Gender Recognition Certificate. (b) there shall be no charge for requesting a Gender Recognition Certificate at any instance of any application by an applicant.

(3)An application for a Gender Recognition Certificate is considered revoked if the applicant sends written notice stating their wish for the application to not continue before the day that a Gender Recognition Certificate is issued
5 - Certificate to be issued by the Registrar General
(1)The Registrar General must issue a Full Gender Recognition Certificate to an applicant by the date given under Section 3 (1) of this Schedule.
(2) If there is a delay in the issuing of the Gender Recognition Certificate, the Registrar General must inform the applicant, in writing, the reasons for such a delay.
(3) If there is an error in print, an applicant may, in writing, inform the Registrar General.

(a) The Registrar General must inform the applicant when the error will be fixed by, and issue a replacement Gender Recognition Certificate.

6 - Gender Recognition obtained outside of England & Wales
(1)When a person has obtained a Gender Recognition Certificate in Scotland or Northern Ireland, —

(a) the person has, for all purposes, received a Gender Recognition Certificate as issued by the Registrar General. (b) the person’s gender identity, or lack thereof, is the acquired gender identity

(2) When a person has obtained overseas gender recognition —

(a) the person has, for all purposes, received a Gender Recognition Certificate as issued by the Registrar General. (b) the person’s gender identity, or lack thereof, is the acquired gender identity

(3) in this Act, an “overseas gender recognition” means gender recognition recognised in a country or territory outside of the United Kingdom, which resulted in a person’s gender identity, or lack thereof, becoming the acquired gender identity.
This bill is written by The Rt Hon. Sir CountBrandenburg GCMG KCB CT CVO CBE PC MP MLA on behalf of the Liberal Democrats and co-sponsored by The Labour Party, The People’s Movement, Democratic Reformist Front and The Conservative and Unionist Party and inspired by the draft Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill
Acts referenced:
The Gender Recognition Act 2004
The Gender Equality Act 2015
The Gender Equality Enhancement Act 2015
The Gender Recognition (Amendment) Act 2018
Section 27 of Schedule 3 of the Equality Act 2010
The Equality (Amendment) Act 2020
Amendment 1, in the name of the Rt Hon. the Earl of Avon
remove from 2 - Amendments to the 2004 Act the following text;

"Section 2, except for (5) as amended —
(5) Where gender markings are required to denote gender identity in all official documentation including but not limited to Passports, Driving Licenses and correspondence from Government Departments, a non binary person shall be afforded the option to denote their legal gender identity an ‘x’, or as ‘non-binary’"

My Lords,
while the UK offers gender non confirming individuals the ability to place an "x" on any gender identity for internal UK use, it has so far resisted doing so for passports in order to keep them in line with the intentional standards for the content of a passport.
This was supported by the Court case R (Christie Elan-Cane) v Secretary of State for the Home Department
That not issuing such documents is not discriminatory on the part of the Home Office. The case rejected a claim that such a policy voided Article 8 ECHR was rejected in part due to the fact the government in this current age was reviewing what documentation for gender non conforming individuals required.
My Lords,
As part of this consultation the Passport office, it's self-put out a warning based on the experience of those in Australia with an "x" marker on the effect of outing Oneself to the authorities of less accepting countries, the implications of a British subject not having there passport recognised and thus not being facilitated the rights that One can normally expect abroad or worse facing expressed prosecution because of information in One's passport is something this house should consider.
It is for these reasons and not any other I wish for this chamber to debate in the next reading the inclusion of the aforementioned section in this Bill.
This division ends 30 July 2020 at 10pm BST.
Please vote Content, Not Content, or Present to Amendment 1.

Legality of helping my partner "escape."

B1048 - Gender Recognition (Reform) Bill - Amendment Reading

Gender Recognition (Reform) Bill

Section 1 (3) and (4) and consequently Schedule 1 and the definition of “Gender Recognition Panel” under Section 25.
Section 2, except for (5) as amended —

(5) Where gender markings are required to denote gender identity in all official documentation including but not limited to Passports, Driving Licenses and correspondence from Government Departments, a non binary person shall be afforded the option to denote their legal gender identity an ‘x’, or as ‘non-binary’

and consequently the definitions of “Gender Dysphoria” and “approved country or territory” under Section 25 are repealed

Section 3 in its entirety and consequently the definition of “Chartered Psychologist” under Section 25.
Section 4 in its entirety and consequently Schedule 2.
Section 6 in its entirety
Section 7 in its entirety
Section 8 in its entirety
Section 10 (1A) (a)
Section 11 in its entirety and consequently schedule 4
Section 13 in its entirety and consequently schedule 5
Section 21 in its entirety

(2) The following sections in the 2004 Act are amended—

In Section 1 (1), replace “either gender” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof,” and in subsection (a), replace “the other gender” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof,” and in subsection (b) insert “identity, or lack thereof” after “gender” and in subsection (c ) replace “either gender” with “any gender identity”
In Section 1 (2) , insert “identity” after gender in the definition “the acquired gender”, and in subsections (a) and (b), add “identity, or lack thereof” after references to “gender”

and subsequently add “identity” after “acquired gender” in Section 10 (5) and Section 25

In Section 17, replace mentions of “a full gender recognition certificate has been issued to any person or revoked” with “a person’s gender identity, or lack thereof, has become, or ceased to be”
In Section 20, replace “to whom a full gender recognition certificate has been issued were not” with “had not become”
In Section 22, replace (2) with:

(2) “Protected Information” means information that relates to a person: (a) who has made an application for a gender recognition certificate and which concerns that application or any other application by that person under this Act. (b) whose gender identity, or lack thereof, has become the acquired gender identity and concerns the gender identity before it became the acquired gender identity.

In Section 25, omit references to “interim gender recognition certificate”

(3) Insert a new section into the 2004 Act, reading:

2A - Applications to the Registrar General Schedule 3A (Applications to the Registrar General) has effect .

in subsection (1) and (6) “one sex” with “the same gender identity”
in subsection (2), “sex” with “the same gender identity”
in subsections (3) and (4), “both sexes” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof ”
in subsection (4), “each sex” with “any gender identity, or lack thereof”
in subsection (6), “opposite sex” with “a different gender identity, or lack thereof ”
in subsection (7), “that same sex” with “that same gender identity”

(a) is a subject of a UK birth registry entry or; (b) is not the subject of such an entry, but is an ordinary resident in England or Wales.

(a) that the application has been received (b) the date by which a Gender Recognition Certificate will be provided. (c)that the applicant has the right to revoke the Gender Recognition Certificate during the intermission period and is not limited to applying for a Gender Recognition Certificate again after this period. (d)reiterate that there is no cost for applying for a Gender Recognition Certificate in this instance or in future instances of application.

4 - Ground for which application is granted
(1)The Registrar General must grant application under section 1 (1) of this Act if—

(a) the application includes a statutory declaration by the applicant that the applicant meets the criteria of: (i) Section 1 of this Act (ii) Section 2 of this Schedule

(2) A statutory declaration shall be the only requirement by the Registrar General to process an application for a Gender Recognition Certificate

(a) An applicant may declare they intend to live in their acquired gender permanently but the absence of this must have no bearing on the processing of a Gender Recognition Certificate. (b) there shall be no charge for requesting a Gender Recognition Certificate at any instance of any application by an applicant.

(a) The Registrar General must inform the applicant when the error will be fixed by, and issue a replacement Gender Recognition Certificate.

6 - Gender Recognition obtained outside of England & Wales
(1)When a person has obtained a Gender Recognition Certificate in Scotland or Northern Ireland, —

(a) the person has, for all purposes, received a Gender Recognition Certificate as issued by the Registrar General. (b) the person’s gender identity, or lack thereof, is the acquired gender identity

(2) When a person has obtained overseas gender recognition —

(a) the person has, for all purposes, received a Gender Recognition Certificate as issued by the Registrar General. (b) the person’s gender identity, or lack thereof, is the acquired gender identity

"Section 2, except for (5) as amended —
(5) Where gender markings are required to denote gender identity in all official documentation including but not limited to Passports, Driving Licenses and correspondence from Government Departments, a non binary person shall be afforded the option to denote their legal gender identity an ‘x’, or as ‘non-binary’"

Results of First Official /r/Chihayafuru Survey

On May 3rd, 2020, a survey was conducted on /Chihayafuru. This was the first official survey held in the community, the results of which can be found here.
A total of 173 people responded over the 10 days this survey was open.
Wiki Post with easy navigation
/Chihayafuru's Favourite Shoujo and Josei Anime/Manga
/Chihayafuru's Favourite Anime and Manga (excluding Shoujo and Josei)

Demographics

Age Demographics

Age Range	Percentage (Number)
25-34 years old	38.4% (66)
20-24 years old	34.9% (60)
17-19 years old	16.9% (29)
35+ years old	5.8% (10)
12-16 years old	3.5% (6)
Under 12 years old	0.6% (1)

A total of 172 people responded to this question. The results are surprising, to say the least. The median age trends much higher than that of other anime communities with most people being in their 20's and 30's. We have a decent number of teenagers but most people here are adults.

Gender Demographics

Gender	Percentage (Number)
Male	56.6% (98)
Female	41% (71)
Prefer not to say	1.2% (2)
Non-binary	0.6% (1)
Agender	0.6% (1)

All survey respondents answered this question. The male majority was expected since reddit is predominantly male. Still, the somewhat balanced demographics are refreshing to see considering most communities are far more skewed towards male (/anime is 85%+ male for instance) although our numbers may be lower.

Country Demographics

Country	Percentage (Number)
United States	38.8% (64)
India	6.7% (11)
Philippines	6.1% (10)
United Kingdom	5.5% (9)
Canada	5.5% (9)
Germany	3% (5)
Brazil	3% (5)
Australia	3% (5)
France	1.8% (3)
Sweden	1.8% (3)
Norway	1.8% (3)
Malaysia	1.8% (3)
Other	21.2% (35)

165 people answered this question. There's an even split between NA and other timezones. Roughly half the community lives in NA while the other half is divided between other regions. A surprising amount of people come from SEA regions.

Chihayafuru Related

When did you first get into Chihayafuru?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Between 2013 and 2018 (before Season 3 announcement)	38.2% (66)
Between 2018 and 2019 (before Season 3 aired but after it was announced)	16.8% (29)
Around/before Season 1 started airing in 2011	12.7% (22)
While Season 3 was airing	12.1% (21)
After Season 3 had ended	12.1% (21)
Between 2011 and 2013 (before Season 2 aired)	4.6% (8)
While Season 2 was airing in 2013	3.5% (6)

All survey respondents answered this question. Considering that 72.8% of our users have been watching anime for longer than 5 years, it makes sense that many of them would get into it so early considering its status as a sleeper hit and older fans' willingness to check out less mainstream anime. Many people seem to have picked it up after the Season 3 announcement, likely owing to seasonal culture becoming more widely adopted. Overall, we seem to have quite the mix of veteran and new fans.

Which of these made you watch Chihayafuru?

Answer	Number
I watched it without much outside influence	70
Fan response/discussion on /anime or other forums	33
The MyAnimeList score	31
That one ProZD Video	29
Recommendation/Gift from friends/others	25
Anime Youtubers/AniTube in general	12
Ads and Promotions on Streaming Services	7

170 people answered this question. It was the first question where you could write-in an answer. Most write-in answers were grouped together since many people mentioned various blogs/websites which were grouped into "fan response" while people who found it on their own regardless of why they were looking for it were grouped into "watched without much outside influence." As a result, that answer dominates because as Chihayafuru isn't a major topic in other online communities, many people end up discovering it on their own whether they're looking for sports, josei or romance.

How have you watched the Chihayafuru anime?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Illegal streaming/torrenting/sailing the high seas	59% (98)
Legal streaming	55.4% (92)
Physical BDs/DVDs	4.2% (7)

166 people answered this question. More than half have streamed Chihayafuru legally although many of them have pirated it on occasion. Only 7 people own the physical BDs/DVDs.

Which of these translations do you prefer for the Chihayafuru anime?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
I don't favour one or the other	50.9% (83)
Official Translation	31.3% (51)
Fan translation by Commie	17.2% (28)
Other	0.6% (1)

163 people answered this question. Aside from people that don't favour either translation, it's strange that so many prefer the official translation when Commie goes above and beyond with typesetting, translating signs and karaoke. Either way, it seems like people have issues with Commie's work or they have not checked it out and prefer the translation on Crunchyroll.

Which season of Chihayafuru is your favourite?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
I don't have a favourite	29.1% (50)
Season 3	27.3% (47)
Season 2	22.1% (38)
Season 1	12.2% (21)
My favourite season is still unadapted	9.3% (16)

172 people answered this question. With Chihayafuru being a single narrative that isn't traditionally divided into arcs, it's natural that a large percentage of people don't have a favourite. Season 3 appears to be the most-well liked season and there's yet a considerable number of people that are more interested in unadapted events.

Which Chihayafuru anime OP is your favourite? (Please consider both song and visuals)

Answer	Percentage (Number)
YOUTHFUL	45.9% (79)
I don't have a favourite	20.3% (35)
COLORFUL	19.2% (33)
STAR	14.5% (25)

172 people responded to this question. YOUTHFUL seems to be the most beloved OP. It's often considered synonymous with the series and repeated quite often which is common in sports anime. A large number of people don't seem to have a favourite OP while the rest are in much closer contention with each other.

Which Chihayafuru anime ED is your favourite? (Please consider both song and visuals)

Answer	Percentage (Number)
I don't have a favourite	33.3% (57)
Hitomebore	31.6% (54)
Soshite Ima	21.1% (36)
Akanezora	14% (24)

171 people responded to this question. People seem to be more indifferent towards Chihayafuru EDs compared to OPs which does make sense because a lot of anime fans do skip EDs. This could be a poll option in the future. Season 3 ED seems to be the most favoured one with Season 1 ED only just behind. No overwhelming majority for any option in this case.

Do you read the Chihayafuru manga? If so, how?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
I exclusively read for free on manga aggregate sites/sail the high seas	48.8% (82)
I am an anime-only	31.5% (53)
I buy the volumes legally but read ahead of the official translation via other means	16.7% (28)
I buy the volumes but don't read scanlations	3% (5)

168 people responded to this question. We clearly have more manga readers here than anime-onlies and a considerable number of people seem to buy the volumes even though they read the scanlations.

Have you watched the Chihayafuru live action movies?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
No	73.3% (126)
Yes	14.5% (25)
Only some of them	12.2% (21)

172 people answered this question. Quite an overwhelming number of people haven't seen them while a fair few haven't seen all of them. People seem to be largely indifferent about the live-action medium but the movies aren't exactly known for their quality so maybe it's better this way.

Who is your favourite Chihayafuru character?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Mashima Taichi	43.9% (75)
Ayase Chihaya	20.5% (35)
Wataya Arata	11.1% (19)
Wakamiya Shinobu	8.2% (14)
Ooe Kanade	4.7% (8)
Harada Hideo	3.5% (6)
Suo Hisashi	1.8% (3)
Sudo Akito	1.8% (3)
Nishida Yusei	1.2% (2)
Hanano Sumire	1.2% (2)
Yamashiro Rion	1.2% (2)
Sakurazawa Midori	0.6% (1)
Inokuma Haruka	0.6% (1)
Komano Tsutomu	0% (0)
Tsukuba Akihiro	0% (0)
Kinashi Hiro (Retro)	0% (0)
Other	0% (0)

171 people answered this question. Taichi seems to be the favourite for roughly half the subreddit while Chihaya and Arata seem to have a lot of support. For side characters, Shinobu and Harada perform well for their limited screentime. On the bottom, you have the unloved who received 0 votes ~~although one of them really does deserve it~~.

Do you ship characters in Chihayafuru? If so, which ones?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Chihaya x Taichi	47.4% (82)
Chihaya x Arata	30.1% (52)
Kana x Tsutomu	28.9% (50)
I don't ship characters	22.1% (38)
Chihaya x Taichi x Arata	3.6% (6)
Shinobu x Arata	3% (5)
Chihaya x Shinobu	2.4% (4)
Sumire x Taichi	1.2% (2)
Chihaya x Sudo	1.2% (2)
Taichi x Shinobu	0.6% (1)
Arata x Taichi	0.6% (1)
Shinobu x Suo	0.6% (1)
Sudo x Taichi	0.6% (1)

All survey respondents answered this question. That was an absolutely clusterfuck to figure out with all the weird answers I got. All the Character x Happiness answers were grouped into I don't ship characters and most ships that made sense are listed out here. I expected more people to not ship characters but it seems that the top 3 ships are significantly more popular than staying neutral.

Which medium do you prefer for Chihayafuru?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Anime	81.4% (140)
Manga	18.6% (32)
Live Action	0% (0)

172 respondents answered this question. Anime seems to be the preferred medium for most people. This is by far the most overwhelming majority for any one response throughout the whole survey meaning people are really satisfied with Morio Asaka's work on the Chihayafuru anime. On the other hand, there isn't a single soul that prefers live action despite a considerable amount having seen those films.

Is Chihayafuru your favourite anime/manga?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
It's definitely up there	72.3% (125)
Yes, it's the best	16.8% (29)
I've seen better	7.5% (13)
The anime is in my favourites (not the manga)	2.3% (4)
The manga is in my favourites (not the anime)	1.2% (2)

All survey respondents answered this question. Unlike more mainstream anime communities, there isn't an overwhelming number that has Chihayafuru as their favourite anime ever even if the vast majority has it among their favourites. It speaks more to the community's maturity as anime fans rather than a lack of dedication when you consider that Chihayafuru fans are likelier to be willing to try out a more diverse array of shows.

How would you rate Chihayafuru on a 1-5 scale?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
5	65.3% (113)
4	33.5% (58)
3	1.2% (2)
2	0% (0)
1	0% (0)

All survey respondents answered this question. Most people seem to have it at a perfect score while a fair few rate the series closer to perfect. Pretty much expected results all around.

How much Chihayafuru merch do you own?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
None	80.1% (136)
Physical manga volumes	11.8% (20)
Karuta cards	11.2% (19)
Soundtracks or OP/ED singles	4.7% (8)
BDs/DVDs	4.7% (8)
Storyboards/Lineart/Official Art	0.6% (1)
Other merch	3.6% (7)

170 people answered this question. The lack of availability for merch is quite evident but some people haven't let that stop them.

What are your opinions on the Chihayafuru fanbase?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Minor gripes aside, I love most aspects of the fanbase	49.1% (78)
It has its problems but so does every fanbase	28.9% (49)
I love the fanbase unconditionally	20.1% (32)
The fanbase is worse/more toxic than others	1.9% (3)

159 people answered this question. Most people seem to acknowledge that parts of the fanbase has problems. However, most fanbases do and they're still happy to be a part of it. Some do love it unconditionally and very few seem to think it's overly toxic. Overall, a really mature response.

Other anime and manga

How many total anime have you completed to date?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
100-250	30.4% (52)
50-100	25.1% (43)
250-500	17.5% (30)
Less than 50	13.5% (23)
500-1000	7.6% (13)
1000+	2.9% (5)
I don't know/don't watch anime	2.9% (5)

171 people responded to this question. It's a bit surprising to see that most people's numbers aren't super high considering the relatively high mean age and Chihayafuru's more niche status. Still, give it a year and a lot of these numbers could crank up during the COVID pandemic.

How many total manga have you completed to date?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Less than 50	59.1% (101)
50-100	17.5% (30)
100-250	7% (12)
250-500	7% (12)
I don't know/don't read manga	4.7% (8)
500-1000	2.9% (5)
1000+	1.8% (3)

171 people answered this question. It's pretty evident that people read manga a lot less than they watch anime here. Still a lot of people that have read a lot despite the nature of a lot of manga to publish for many years.

How long have you been watching anime/reading manga?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
10 to 20 years	34.7% (60)
5 to 10 years	31.8% (55)
2 to 4 years	22% (38)
20+ years	6.4% (11)
Only for a year	4% (7)
I only started a few months ago	1.2% (2)

All survey respondents answered this question. Most people are older anime fans despite not having very high numbers as I pointed out earlier. Very few people seem to have started watching recently. It is rather bleak prospects as a lot of newer anime fans seem to be less willing to step outside of their comfort zone and discover shows like Chihayafuru. We can only hope this changes as time passes.

Which of the following are you particular about?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
I am willing to watch any anime regardless of age and popularity	79.9% (135)
I do not watch anything from the 90's or earlier	9.5% (16)
I do not watch anime from the 80's or earlier	7.7% (13)
I only watch very recent popular anime	1.2% (2)
I only watch anime seasonally	1.2% (2)
I do not watch anything made before the 2010's	0.6% (1)

169 people answered this question. As overwhelming as the response is for most people being willing to watch anything, it's still strange to see a considerable number still refuse to watch oldeless popular anime despite being fans of a less popular show that will inevitably fall off the radar of newer anime fans. Y'all need some Cardcaptor Sakura, Utena and LoGH in your lives.

Which of these mediums do you actively consume?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
Anime	95.9% (164)
Manga	68.4% (117)
Live action TV/Movies	23.4% (40)
Light Novels	21.6% (37)
Visual Novels	14.6% (25)

171 people answered this question. Very high interest rates for anime and manga aside, live action TV and movies are more preferred to LNs and VNs despite both being a part of the animanga-sphere.

Do you consume shoujo and josei media?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
I like a lot of shoujo classics	58.1% (97)
I like prominent josei anime	39.5% (66)
Chihayafuru is the only shoujo/josei anime I like	22.2% (37)

167 people answered this question. Over half the respondents love their shoujo classics and a fair few are into josei as well while a lot of them go out of their way to read shoujo and josei manga. Fairly nice results considering the larger anime community's indifference to media that falls under these demographics.

Do you like sports anime/manga other than Chihayafuru?

Answer	Percentage (Number)
I only watch sports anime if they look good/are critically acclaimed	40% (68)
I actively consume a lot of sports anime/manga	38.8% (66)
Chihayafuru is the only sports anime/manga I like	12.4% (21)
I only like Haikyu!! and Chihayafuru	8.2% (14)
I only watch anime featuring sports I've played	0.6% (1)

170 people answered this question. Considering that sports anime are largely ignored by the larger anime community and Haikyu!! is often considered the 'exception', it's good to see that mindset isn't incredibly prevalent here (although it could be less prevalent yet). I'd kinda like to poll people on their favourite sports anime and make a recommendation wiki entry on that too at some point.

Which shoujo and josei anime/manga would you recommend to Chihayafuru fans?

We had 59 responses for this question. I have created a shoujo and josei recommendation wiki based on these responses. The cutoff was 2 votes. Some suggested entries that weren't shoujo or josei were excluded from the wiki.

Shoujo and Josei Recommendation Wiki

What are your favourite anime and manga aside from Chihayafuru?

We had 117 responses for this question. Similar to the shoujo and josei wiki, I have created a general recommendation wiki for the responses to this question. Unlike the shoujo and josei wiki, the cutoff here was 4 votes to keep the number of entries down.

General Anime/Manga Recommendation Wiki

[Table] Asteroid Day AMA – We’re engineers and scientists working on a mission that could, one day, help save humankind from asteroid extinction. Ask us anything!

Source
There are several people answering: Paolo Martino is PM, Marco Micheli is MM, Heli Greus is HG, Detlef Koschny is DVK, and Aidan Cowley is AC.

Questions	Answers
Can we really detect any asteroids in space with accuracy and do we have any real means of destroying it?	Yes, we can detect new asteroids when they are still in space. Every night dozens of new asteroids are found, including a few that can come close to the Earth.
	Regarding the second part of the question, the goal would be to deflect them more than destroy them, and it is technologically possible. The Hera/DART mission currently being developed by ESA and NASA will demonstrate exactly this capability.
	MM
I always wanted to ask: what is worse for life on Earth - to be hit by a single coalesced asteroid chunk, or to be hit by a multiple smaller pieces of exploded asteroid, aka disrupted rubble pile scenario?	DVK: This is difficult to answer. If the rubble is small (centimetres to meters) it is better to have lots of small ones – they’d create nice bright meteors. If the rubble pieces are tens of meters it doesn’t help.
Let’s say that hypothetically, an asteroid the size of Rhode Island is coming at us, it will be a direct hit - you’ve had the resources and funding you need, your plan is fully in place, everything you’ve wanted you got. The asteroid will hit in 10 years, what do you do?	DVK: I had to look up how big Rhode Island is – a bit larger than the German Bundesland ‘Saarland’. Ok – this would correspond to an object about 60 km in diameter, right? That’s quite big – we would need a lot of rocket launches, this would be extremely difficult. I would pray. The good news is that we are quite convinced that we know all objects larger than just a few kilometers which come close to our planet. None of them is on a collision course, so we are safe.
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Why are you quite convinced that you know all object of that size? And what is your approach in finding new celestial bodies?	DVK: There was a scientific study done over a few years (published in Icarus 2018, search for Granvik) where they modelled how many objects there are out there. They compared this to the observations we have with the telescopic surveys. This gives us the expected numbers shown here on our infographic: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained
	There are additional studies to estimate the ‘completeness’ – and we think that we know everything above roughly a few km in size.
	To find new objects, we use survey telescopes that scan the night sky every night. The two major ones are Catalina and Pan-STARRS, funded by NASA. ESA is developing the so-called Flyeye telescope to add to this effort https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2017/02/Flyeye_telescope.
^{the below is a reply to the above}
Thanks for the answer, that's really interesting! It's also funny that the fist Flyeye deployed is in Sicily, at less than 100km from me, I really had no idea	DVK: Indeed, that's cool. Maybe you can go and visit it one day.
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What about Interstellar objects however, like Oumuamua?	DVK: The two that we have seen - 'Oumuamua and comet Borisov - were much smaller than the Saarland (or Rhode Island ;-) - not sure about Borisov, but 'Oumuamua was a few hundred meters in size. So while they could indeed come as a complete surprise, they are so rare that I wouldn't worry.
Would the public be informed if an impending asteroid event were to happen? And, how would the extinction play out? Bunch of people crushed to death, knocked off our orbit, dust clouds forever?	DVK: We do not keep things secret – all our info is at the web page http://neo.ssa.esa.int. The ‘risky’ objects are in the ‘risk page’. We also put info on really close approaches there. It would also be very difficult to keep things ‘under cover’ – there are many high-quality amateur astronomers out there that would notice.
In 2029 asteroid Apophis will fly really close to Earth, even closer than geostationary satellites. Can we use some of those satellites to observe the asteroid? Is it possible to launch very cheap cube sats to flyby Apophis in 2029?	DVK: Yes an Apophis mission during the flyby in 2029 would be really nice. We even had a special session on that topic at the last Planetary Defense Conference in 2019, and indeed CubeSats were mentioned. This would be a nice university project – get me a close-up of the asteroid with the Earth in the background!
^{the below is a reply to the above}
So you’re saying it was discussed and shelved?	In the conference we just presented ideas. To make them happen needs funding - in the case of ESA the support of our member countries. But having something presented at a conference is the first step. One of the results of the conference was a statement to space agencies to consider embarking on such a mission. See here: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/336356/336472/PDC_2019_Summary_Report_FINAL_FINAL.pdf/341b9451-0ce8-f338-5d68-714a0aada29b?t=1569333739470
	Go to the section 'resolutions'. This is now a statement that scientists can use to present to their funding agencies, demonstrating that it's not just their own idea.
Thanks for doing this AMA! Did we know the Chelyabinsk meteor in 2013 (the one which had some great videos on social media) was coming? Ig not, how comes? Also, as a little side one, have there been any fatalities from impact events in the past 20 years?	Unfortunately, the Chelyabinsk object was not seen in advance, because it came from the direction of the Sun where ground-based telescopes cannot look.
	No known fatalities from impacts have happened in the past 20 years, although the Chelyabinsk event did cause many injuries, fortunately mostly minor.
	MM
^{the below is a reply to the above}
How often do impacts from that direction happen, compared to impacts from visible trajectories?	In terms of fraction of the sky, the area that cannot be easily scanned from the ground is roughly a circle with a radius of 40°-50° around the current position of the Sun, corresponding to ~15% of the total sky. However, there is a slight enhancement of objects coming from that direction, therefore the fraction of objects that may be missed when heading towards us is a bit higher.
	However, this applies only when detecting an asteroid in its "final plunge" towards the Earth. Larger asteroids can be spotted many orbits earlier, when they are farther away and visible in the night side of the sky. Their orbits can then be determined and their possible impacts predicted even years or decades in advance.
	MM
There must be a trade-off when targeting asteroids as they get closer to Earth, is there a rule of thumb at what the best time is to reach them, in terms of launch time versus time to reach the asteroid and then distance from Earth?	DVK: Take e.g. a ‘kinetic impactor’ mission, like what DART and Hera are testing. Since we only change the velocity of the asteroid slightly, we need to hit the object early enough so that the object has time to move away from it’s collision course. Finding out when it is possible to launch requires simulations done by our mission analysis team. They take the strength of the launcher into account, also the available fuel for course corrections, and other things. Normally each asteroid has its own best scenario.
Do you also look at protecting the moon from asteroids? Would an impact of a large enough scale potentially have major impacts on the earth?	DVK: There are programmes that monitor the Moon and look for flashes from impacting small asteroids (or meteoroids) - https://neliota.astro.noa.g or the Spanish MIDAS project. We use the data to improve our knowledge about these objects. These programmes just look at what is happening now.
	For now we would not do anything if we predicted a lunar impact. I guess this will change once we have a lunar base in place.
Why aren't there an international organisation comprised of countries focused on the asteroid defence? Imagine like the organisation with multi-billion $ budget and program of action on funding new telescopes, asteroid exploration mission, plans for detection of potentially dangerous NEA, protocols on action after the detection - all international, with heads of states discussing these problems?	DVK: There are international entities in place, mandated by the UN: The International Asteroid Warning Network (http://www.iawn.net) and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (http://www.smpag.net). These groups advise the United Nations. That is exactly where we come up with plans and protocols on action. But: They don’t have budget – that needs to come from elsewhere. I am expecting that if we have a real threat, we would get the budget. Right now, we don’t have a multi-billion budget.
^{the below is a reply to someone else's answer}
There is no actual risk of any sizable asteroids hitting earth in the foreseeable future. Any preparation for it would just be a waste of money.	DVK: Indeed, as mentioned earlier, we do not expect a large object to hit is in the near future. We are mainly worried about those in the size range of 20 m to 40 m, which happen on average every few tens of years to hundreds of years. And where we only know a percent of them or even less.
President Obama wanted to send a crewed spacecraft to an asteroid - in your opinion is this something that should still be done in the future, would there be any usefulness in having a human being walk/float on an asteroid's surface?	DVK: It would definitely be cool. I would maybe even volunteer to go. Our current missions to asteroids are all robotic, the main reason is that it is much cheaper (but still expensive) to get the same science. But humans will expand further into space, I am sure. If we want to test human exploration activities, doing this at an asteroid would be easier than landing on a planet.
^{this is another reply}	Yes, but I am slightly biased by the fact that I work at the European astronaut centre ;) There exist many similarities to what we currently do for EVA (extra vehicular activities) operations on the International Space Station versus how we would 'float' around an asteroid. Slightly biased again, but using such a mission to test exploration technologies would definitely still have value. Thanks Obama! - AC
I've heard that some asteroids contains large amounts of iron. Is there a possibility that we might have "space mines" in the far away future, if our own supply if iron runs out?	Yes, this is a topic in the field known as space mining, part of what we call Space Resources. In fact, learning how we can process material we might find on asteroids or other planetary bodies is increasingly important, as it opens up the opportunities for sustainable exploration and commercialization. Its a technology we need to master, and asteroids can be a great target for testing how we can create space mines :) - AC
By how much is DART expected to deflect Didymos? Do we have any indication of the largest size of an asteroid we could potentially deflect?	PM: Didymos is a binary asteroid, consisting of a main asteroid Didymos A (~700m) and a smaller asteroid Didymos B (~150m) orbiting around A with a ~12 hours period. DART is expected to impact Didymos B and change its orbital period w.r.t. Didymos A of ~1%. (8 mins)
	The size of Didymos B is the most representative of a potential threat to Earth (the highest combination of probability and consequence of impacts), meaning smaller asteroids hit the Earth more often but have less severe consequences, larger asteroids can have catastrophic consequences but their probability of hitting the earth is very very low.
^{the below is a reply to the above}
Why is there less probability of larger asteroids hitting earth?	DVK: There are less large objects out there. The smaller they are, the more there are.
^{the below is a reply to the original answer}
Is there any chance that your experiment will backfire and send the asteroid towards earth?	PM: Not at all, or we would not do that :) Actually Dimorphos (the Didymos "moon") will not even leave its orbit around Didymos. It will just slightly change its speed.
I'm sure you've been asked this many times but how realistic is the plot of Armageddon? How likely is it that our fate as a species will rely on (either) Bruce Willis / deep sea oil drillers?	Taking into consideration that Bruce Willis is now 65 and by the time HERA is launched he will be 69, I do not think that we can rely on him this time (although I liked the movie).
	HERA will investigate what method we could use to deflect asteroid and maybe the results will show that we indeed need to call the deep sea oil drillers.
	HG
^{the below is a reply to the above}
So then would it be easier to train oil drillers to become astronauts, or to train astronauts to be oil drillers?	I do not know which one would be easier since I have no training/experience of deep see oil drilling nor becoming an astronaut, but as long as the ones that would go to asteroid have the sufficient skills and training (even Bruce Willis), I would be happy.
	HG
If budget was no object, which asteroid would you most like to send a mission to?	Nice question! For me, I'd be looking at an asteroid we know something about, since I would be interested in using it for testing how we could extract resources from it. So for me, I would choose Itokawa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25143_Itokawa), which was visited by Hayabusa spacecraft. So we already have some solid prospecting carried out for this 'roid! - AC
^{this is another reply}	Not sure if it counts as an asteroid, but Detlef and myself would probably choose ʻOumuamua, the first discovered interstellar object.
	MM
^{the below is a reply to the above}
Do we even have the capability to catch up to something like that screaming through our solar system? That thing has to have a heck of a velocity to just barrel almost straight through like that.	DVK: Correct, that would be a real challenge. We are preparing for a mission called 'Comet Interceptor' that is meant to fly to an interstellar object or at least a fresh comet - but it will not catch up with it, it will only perform a short flyby.
	https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/ESA_s_new_mission_to_intercept_a_comet
After proving to be able to land on one, could an asteroid serve as a viable means to transport goods and or humans throughout the solar system when the orbit of said asteroid proves beneficial. While it is probably quite problematic to land the payload, it could save fuel or am I mistaken?	Neat idea! Wonder if anyone has done the maths on the amount of fuel you would need/save vs certain targets. - AC
	PM: To further complement, the saving is quite marginal indeed because in order to land (softly) on the asteroid you actually need to get into the very same orbit of that asteroid . At that point your orbit remains the same whether you are on the asteroid or not..
can the current anti-ballistic missiles systems intercept a terminal phase earth strike asteroid? or it is better to know beforehand and launch an impacting vehicle into space?	DVK: While I do see presentations on nuclear explosions to deflect asteroids at our professional meetings, I have not seen anybody yet studying how we could use existing missile systems. So it's hard to judge whether existing missiles would do the job. But in general, it is better to know as early as possible about a possible impact and deflect it as early as possible. This will minimize the needed effort.
How much are we prepared against asteroid impacts at this moment?	DVK: 42… :-) Seriously – I am not sure how to quantify ‘preparedness’. We have international working groups in place, mentioned earlier (search for IAWN, SMPAG). We have a Planetary Defence Office at ESA, a Planetary Defense Office at NASA (who spots the difference?), search the sky for asteroids, build space missions… Still we could be doing more. More telescopes to find the object, a space-based telescope to discover those that come from the direction of the Sun. Different test missions would be useful, … So there is always more we could do.
Have you got any data on the NEO coverage? Is there estimations on the percentage of NEOs we have detected and are tracking? How can we improve the coverage? How many times have asteroids been able to enter earths atmosphere without being detected beforehand?	Here’s our recently updated infographics with the fraction of undiscovered NEOs for each size range: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained
	As expected, we are now nearly complete for the large ones, while many of the smaller ones are still unknown.
	In order to improve coverage, we need both to continue the current approach, centered on ground-based telescopes, and probably also launch dedicated telescopes to space, to look at the fraction of the sky that cannot be easily observed from the ground (e.g., towards the Sun).
	Regarding the last part of your question, small asteroids enter the Earth atmosphere very often (the infographics above gives you some numbers), while larger ones are much rarer.
	In the recent past, the largest one to enter our atmosphere was about 20 meters in diameter, and it caused the Chelyabinsk event in 2013. It could not be detected in advance because it came from the direction of the Sun.
	We have however detected a few small ones before impact. The first happened in 2008, when a ~4-meter asteroid was found to be on a collision course less than a day before impact, it was predicted to fall in Northern Sudan, and then actually observed falling precisely where (and when) expected.
	MM
^{this is another reply}	>After
	DVK: And to add what MM said - Check out http://neo.ssa.esa.int. There is a ‘discovery statistics’ section which provides some of the info you asked about. NASA is providing similar information here https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/. To see the sky which is currently covered by the survey telescopes, you need to service of the Minor Planet Center which we all work together with: http://www.minorplanetcenter.org, ‘observers’, ‘sky coverage’. That is a tool we use to plan where we look with our telescopes, so it is a more technical page.
Are there any automatic systems for checking large numbers of asteroids orbits, to see if the asteroid's orbit is coming dangerously close to Earth, or is it done by people individually for every asteroid? I ask it because LSST Rubin is coming online soon and you know it will discover a lot of new asteroids.	Yes, such systems exist, and monitor all known and newly discovered asteroids in order to predict possible future impacts.
	The end result of the process is what we call "risk list": http://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-page
	It is automatically updated every day once new observational data is processed.
	MM
What are your favourite sci-fi series?	DVK: My favorites are ‘The Expanse’, I also liked watching ‘Salvation’. For the first one I even got my family to give me a new subscription to a known internet streaming service so that I can see the latest episodes. I also loved ‘The Jetsons’ and ‘The Flintstones’ as a kid. Not sure the last one counts as sci-fi though. My long-time favorite was ‘Dark Star’.
^{this is another reply}	Big fan of The Expanse at the moment. Nice, hard sci-fi that has a good impression of being grounded in reality - AC
^{this is another reply}	When I was a kid I liked The Jetsons, when growing up Star Trek, Star wars and I also used to watch with my sister the 'V'.
	HG
When determining the potential threat of a NEA, is the mass of an object a bigger factor or size? I'm asking because I'm curious if a small but massive object (say, with the density of Psyche) could survive atmospheric entry better than a comparatively larger but less massive object.	The mass is indeed what really matters, since it’s directly related with the impact energy.
	And as you said composition also matters, a metal object would survive atmospheric entry better, not just because it’s heavier, but also because of its internal strength.
	MM
What are your thoughts on asteroid mining as portrayed in sci-fi movies? Is it feasible? If so would governments or private space programs be the first to do so?What type of minerals can be found on asteroids that would merit the costs of extraction?	Certainly there is valuable stuff you can find on asteroids. For example, the likely easiest material you can harvest from an asteroid would be volatiles such as H2O. Then you have industrial metals, things like Iron, Nickel, and Platinum group metals. Going further, you can break apart many of the oxide minerals you would find to get oxygen (getting you closer to producing rocket fuel in-situ!). Its feasible, but still needs alot of testing both here on Earth and eventually needs to be tested on a target. It may be that governments, via agencies like ESA or NASA, may do it first, to prove the principles somewhat, but I know many commercial entities are also aggresively working towards space mining. To show you that its definitely possible, I'd like to plug the work of colleagues who have processed lunar regolith (which is similar to what you may find on asteroids) to extract both oxygen and metals. Check it out here: http://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2019/10/Oxygen_and_metal_from_lunar_regolith
	AC
Will 2020's climax be a really big rock?	DVK: Let's hope not...
Considering NASA, ESA, IAU etc. is working hard to track Earth-grazing asteroids, how come the Chelyabinsk object that airburst over Russia in 2013 came as a total surprise?	The Chelyabinsk object came from the direction of the Sun, where unfortunately ground-based telescopes cannot look at. Therefore, it would not have been possible to discover it in advance with current telescopes. Dedicated space telescopes are needed to detect objects coming from this direction in advance.
	MM
^{the below is a reply to the above}
Is this to say that it was within specific solid angles for the entire time that we could have observed it given its size and speed?	Yes, precisely that. We got unlucky in this case.
	MM
Have any of you read Lucifer's Hammer by Larry Niven? In your opinion, how realistic is his depiction of an asteroid strike on Earth?	DVK: I have – but really long ago, so I don’t remember the details. But I do remember that I really liked the book, and I remember I always wanted to have a Hot Fudge Sundae when reading it.
I was thinking about the asteroid threat as a teen and came up with this ideas (Hint: they are not equally serious, the level of craziness goes up real quick). Could you please comment on their feasibility? 1. Attaching a rocket engine to an asteroid to make it gradually change trajectory, do that long in advance and it will miss Earth by thousands of km 2. Transporting acid onto asteroid (which are mainly metal), attaching a dome-shaped reaction chamber to it, using heat and pressure to then carry out the chemical reaction to disintegrate asteroids 3. This one is even more terrible than a previous one and totally Dan Brown inspired — transporting antimatter on asteroid, impacting and causing annihilation. Thank you for this AMA and your time!	DVK: Well the first one is not so crazy, I have seen it presented... the difficulty is that all asteroids are rotating in one way or another. So if you continuously fire the engine it would not really help. You'd need to switch the engine on and off. Very complex. And landing on an asteroid is challenging too. Just using the 'kinetic impactor' which we will test with DART/Hera (described elsewhere in this chat) is simpler. Another seriously proposed concept is to put a spacecraft next to an asteroid and use an ion engine (like we have on our Mercury mission BepiColombo) to 'push' the asteroid away.
	As for 2 and 3 I think I will not live to see that happening ;-)
What is the process to determine the orbit of a newly discovered asteroid?	The process is mathematically quite complex, but here's a short summary.
	Everything starts with observations, in particular with measurements of the position of an asteroid in the sky, what we call "astrometry". Discovery telescopes extract this information from their discovery images, and make it available to everybody.
	These datapoints are then used to calculate possible trajectories ("orbits") that pass through them. At first, with very few points, many orbits will be possible.
	Using these orbits we can extrapolate where the asteroid will be located during the following nights, use a telescope to observe that part of the sky, and locate the object again.
	From these new observations we can extract new "astrometry", add it to the orbit determination, and see that now only some of the possible orbits will be compatible with the new data. As a result, we now know the trajectory better than before, because a few of the possible orbits are not confirmed by the new data.
	The cycle can then continue, with new predictions, new observations, and a more accurate determination of the object's orbit, until it can be determined with an extremely high level of accuracy.
	MM
What are some asteroids that are on your "watchlist"?	We have exactly that list on our web portal: http://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-page
	It's called "risk list", and it includes all known asteroids for which we cannot exclude a possible impact over the next century. It is updated every day to include newly discovered asteroids, and remove those that have been excluded as possible impactors thanks to new observations.
	MM
^{the below is a reply to the above}
That's quite a list!! Do you guys ever feel stressed or afraid when you have to add another dangerous candidate (and by dangerous I mean those above 200m) is added to this Risk List?	Yes, when new dangerous ones are added it's important that we immediately do our best to gather more data on them, observing them with telescopes in order to get the information we need to improve our knowledge of their orbit.
	And then the satisfaction of getting the data needed to remove one from the list is even greater!
	MM
What inspired you to go into this field of study?	I was fascinated by astronomy in general since I was a kid, but the actual "trigger" that sparked my interest in NEOs was a wonderful summer course on asteroids organized by a local amateur astronomers association. I immediately decided that I would do my best to turn this passion into my job, and I'm so happy to have been able to make that dream come true.
	MM
^{this is another reply}	DVK: I started observing meteors when I was 14, just by going outside and looking at the night sky. Since then, small bodies in the solar system were always my passion.
As a layperson, I still think using nuclear weapons against asteroids is the coolest method despite better methods generally being available. Do you still consider the nuclear option the cool option, or has your expertise in the field combined with the real-life impracticalities made it into a laughable/silly/cliche option?	DVK: We indeed still study the nuclear option. There are legal aspects though, the ‘outer space treaty’ forbids nuclear explosions in space. But for a large object or one we discover very late it could be useful. That’s why we have to focus on discovering all the objects out there as early as possible – then we have time enough to use more conventional deflection methods, like the kinetic impactor (the DART/Hera scenario).
It seems like doing this well would require international cooperation, particularly with Russia. Have you ever reached out to Russia in your work? Do you have a counterpart organization there that has a similar mission?	DVK: Indeed international cooperation is important - asteroids don't know about our borders! We work with a Russian team to perform follow-up observations of recently discovered NEOs. Russia is also involved in the UN-endorsed working groups that we have, IAWN and SMPAG (explained in another answer).
how much can experts tell from a video of a fireball or meteor? Can you work out what it's made of and where it came from? https://www.reddit.com/space/comments/hdf3xe/footage_of_a_meteor_at_barrow_island_australia/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x	If multiple videos or pictures, taken from different locations, are available, then it's possible to reconstruct the trajectory, and extrapolate where the object came from.
	Regarding the composition, it's a bit more difficult if nothing survives to the ground, but some information can be obtained indirectly from the fireball's color, or its fragmentation behavior. If a spectral analysis of the light can be made, it's then possible to infer the chemical composition in much greater detail.
	MM
I've always wanted to know what the best meteorite buying site is and what their average price is??	DVK: Serious dealers will be registered with the 'International Meteorite Collectors Association (IMCA)' - https://www.imca.cc/. They should provide a 'certificate of authenticity' where it says that they are member there. If you are in doubt, you can contact the association and check. Normally there are rough prices for different meteorite types per gram. Rare meteorites will of course be much more expensive than more common ones. Check the IMCA web page to find a dealer close to you.
Just read through Aidans link to the basaltic rock being used as a printing material for lunar habitation. There is a company called Roxul that does stone woven insulation that may be able to shed some light on the research they have done to minimize their similarity to asbestos as potentially carcinogenic materials deemed safe for use in commercial and residential applications. As the interior surfaces will essentially be 3D printed lunar regolith what are the current plans to coat or dampen the affinity for the structure to essentially be death traps for respiratory illness?	At least initially, many of these 3d printed regolith structures would not be facing into pressurised sections, but would rather be elements placed outside and around our pressure vessels. Such structures would be things like radiation shields, landing pads or roadways, etc. In the future, if we move towards forming hermetically sealed structures, then your point is a good one. Looking into terrestrial solutions to this problem would be a great start! - AC
What kind of career path does it take to work in the asteroid hunting field?	It's probably different for each of us, but here's a short summary of my own path.
	I became interested in asteroids, and near-Earth objects in particular, thanks to a wonderful summer course organized by a local amateur astronomers association. Amateur astronomers play a great role in introducing people, and young kids in particular, to these topics.
	Then I took physics as my undergrad degree (in Italy), followed by a Ph.D. in astronomy in the US (Hawaii in particular, a great place for astronomers thanks to the exceptional telescopes hosted there).
	After finishing the Ph.D. I started my current job at ESA's NEO Coordination Centre, which allowed me to realize my dream of working in this field.
	MM
^{this is another reply}	DVK: Almost all of us have a Master's degree either in aerospace engineering, mathematics, physics/astronomy/planetary science, or computer science. Some of us - as MM - have a Ph.D. too. But that's not really a requirement. This is true for our team at ESA, but also for other teams in other countries.
What is the likelihood of an asteroid hitting the Earth In the next 200 years?	It depends on the size, large ones are rare, while small ones are much more common. You can check this infographics to get the numbers for each size class: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained
	MM
Have you played the Earth Defence Force games and if you have, which one is your favourite?	No I have not played the Earth Defence Force games, but I just looked it up and I think I would liked it. Which one would you recommend?
	HG
How close is too close to earth? Space is a SUPER vast void so is 1,000,000 miles close, 10,000,000? And if an asteroid is big enough can it throw earth off its orbit?	DVK: Too close for my taste is when we compute an impact probability > 0 for the object. That means the flyby distance is zero :-) Those are the objects on our risk page http://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-page.
	If an object can alter the orbit of another one, we would call it planet. So unless we have a rogue planet coming from another solar system (verrry unlikely) we are safe from that.
How can I join you when I'm older?	DVK: Somebody was asking about our career paths... Study aerospace engineering or math or physics or computer science, get a Masters. Possibly a Ph.D. Then apply for my position when I retire. Check here for how to apply at ESA: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/Frequently_asked_questions2#HR1
How much is too much?	DVK: 42 again
Are you aware of any asteroids that are theoretically within our reach, or will be within our reach at some point, that are carrying a large quantity of shungite? If you're not aware, shungite is like a 2 billion year old like, rock stone that protects against frequencies and unwanted frequencies that may be traveling in the air. I bought a whole bunch of the stuff. Put them around the la casa. Little pyramids, stuff like that.	DVK: If I remember my geology properly, Shungite forms in water sedimental deposits. This requires liquid water, i.e. a larger planet. So I don't think there is a high chance to see that on asteroids.

Student Loan Default: The Guide (reuploaded)

The original guide that was recently deleted here: https://www.reddit.com/studentloandefaulters/comments/cg1fd7/student_loan_default_a_guide/
I take no credit for this post, just happened to have it saved in a document and thought I'd be doing an injustice by not sharing this information once I saw the original post was missing! All credit goes to the original author, and without further ado...

Student Loan Default: A Guide
I’ve been wanting to write this for a long time, and seeing that person be in $500,000 of debt and no one really helping him on studentloans, I felt it was time to summarize everything I’ve learned. While there is great information on this sub, it is not centralized. It requires some digging. I hope now to bring all of it to the surface.

Definitions:

Strategic Default: When a borrower realizes that he or she can spend less money by not paying a loan. The borrower waits out the statute of limitations and then either settles or waits the debt out.

Shills: People who are paid to prevent the spread of student loan default information

Statute of Limitations: The number of years your state requires before a debt can no longer be collected.

Cosigner: The poor person who is just as legally required to pay your loans as you are

Foreign Earned Income Tax Exclusion: A tax rule that states any US citizen can earn up to about $100,000 a year in another country and report their US taxes as 0.

Fraudulent Transfer: When a party tries to move assets to someone else in order to avoid a lien on their property.

Lien: Essentially when the government slaps a bill onto your property forcing you to pay off a debt before you can sell the property.

Income Based Repayment (IBR): Federal loans can be paid with 15% of your discretionary income (money earned after taxes) instead of a higher, unpayable amount

Aggregate Student Loan Limit: The total amount a student can take out before the federal government or a private lender stops authorizing new loans

Wage Garnishment: When a court forces your employer to take out a certain percentage of your paycheck to pay back a debt

Bank Levy: When the government or a court takes all of the money directly out of your bank account to pay a debt

Private Loans: Loans that originate from anyone but the federal government. These loans have a statute of limitations and less power but higher interest rates.

Federal Loans: These loans have no statute of limitations, the government can collect anything you earn to get these back, and they come with IBR which is manageable

Sallie Mae: The worst private lender on the market. They only offer deferment for four short years.

Forbearance: A period where you do not have to pay your student loans, but interest accrues.

Deferment: A period where you do not have to pay your student loans, but interest does not accrue.

Credit Score: A number that tells people how responsible of a borrower you are.

Student Loan Tax Bomb: After you have paid for 10 - 25 years on your federal loans, you are forgiven the rest. That is considered income by the IRS. You then add this “income” to your regular income for the year and pay the tax. It can be over $10,000.

Insolvency: When you are unable to pay your debts. This works well for defusing the student loan tax bomb.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness: If you work for 10 years at a government job, you can get your entire federal student loan balance forgiven. In 2019, the feds are making it near impossible to collect. This could change.

A note on cosigners before we begin: Look, your cosigner is probably going to be very mad at you. Prepare for your relationship to be strained. You need to try and get them on the same page as you, and I do offer a tactic here to at least shift all of the financial burden off of your cosigner below. If you decide to do any of these tactics without getting your cosigner off the hook, there could be more risk involved if you or your cosigners have a lot of assets.

Strategy

Student loan default is a strategy. And to have a good strategy, one must plan as much as possible. You have to know all of your options. While strategy is your overall game plan, tactics are the individual options you have to get your strategy accomplished. Below are the tactics that you can employ to beat the student loan companies.

Tactics

Paying Your Loans: [low risk] In the rare chance you have anywhere between $1,000 to $20,000 in federal student loans and you have completed your bachelor’s degree, you should probably just pay the damn loans. All you have to do is set up an auto debit and forget about it. It will be about 15% of your income. You really want to try and avoid consolidating if you can, because it will count against some of your IBR payments. You would also lose your grace period if you did this. At the end of 10 to 25 years, you will be forgiven all of the loan amount you did not pay. That forgiven amount is considered income by the IRS, so you will be put into a higher tax bracket. I would get an accountant when this comes. In your case, your tax bomb will be low enough where you could probably just pay it. If you want to really shake things up though, you are welcome to try either the Asset Creation Tactic or the Madlad Method below. Here is more information on Income Based Repayment: https://www.studentdebtrelief.us/repayment-plans/income-based-repayment-plan/

Default Private IBR Federal (Staying Put): [low risk] The standard strategy here on studentloandefaulters. As mentioned above, for the federal loans, it’s best to just IBR and automatically debit your bank account each month and forget about it. For the private loans, this is where the game begins. Your overall plan here is to default, wait out the statute of limitations in your home state, and either settle the debt for less than 30% or just hope they leave you alone and you don’t pay at all. From this moment on, whatever you would have paid for your private monthly bill, sock that money away. Once you go past 120 days of no payments, you are in default. This is where the phone calls come in. They will start to harass you. They will call your work, your cell phone, your cosigner, etc relentlessly. Most likely, they’ll start doing this before you get to default. As they call you, you can either just give them the cold shoulder or start immediately acting like you do not own the debt. Never admit that you own the debt. Tell them you think they are crazy and have the wrong person. Inform your cosigner to do the same. Once your loans are sold to a collection agency, wait until they call you and ask for verification of the debt. If they do not provide it, you won. Chances are, they will be able to verify it, so just make sure you never admit to the debt on the phone or make a payment. If you make a payment, you’ll reset the statute of limitations. Do not give them five dollars, two dollars, a penny. If they do sue you, show up for court. Get a lawyer if you can afford it. You have to show up to court, or they win automatically. Even if you don’t have a lawyer in court, you need to make them verify the debt. You could still lose here. If you do lose in court, go to my tactic of “The Cat and Mouse Game.” They are playing a numbers game, and if you are harder to sue than John Smith down the street, they may prey on him or her instead of you. Now, there are four states in the United States that do not have wage garnishment: Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas. You could move there, and if you have barely any assets, you are considered judgement proof. This means you’re not worth the time to be sued, because you have nothing to take and cannot be garnished. Moving is hard, though, so that’s a personal decision. Also, from what I understand, if you do move to these states, you can switch your statute of limitations over to their states which may be less time until you cannot be sued anymore. If you do lose and just want to stop here, you could get your bank levied and you could be slapped with up to a 25% wage garnishment until paid in full Clarification: a lot of people do not ever get garnished, and bank levies are rare (they are non-existent on federal loans). Do not let this freak you out!. I repeat this is super rare and not likely to happen. Anyways, you have options at this point. If it does happen, try another tactic like leave the country or cat and mouse below.

Default Private Default Federal: [medium risk] Some of the wilder people have attempted to default on both federal and private loans in order to do a cash settlement. The same strategy above in Default Private IBR Federal applies, but realize that the US government could just step in and do an administrative garnish on you eventually. If you were living some sort of cash existence, you could potentially avoid them and then write them a money order and settle for 30% or something. This way, you avoid the tax bomb and would probably pay a lot less interest overall. If you do this and it works, I would love to hear about it.

Cat and Mouse: [medium risk] So, you want to avoid getting sued or you lost a judgement? You don’t have to sit back and take it. u/nowaysalliemae has successfully avoided being sued by essentially going on the run. You see, to be sued successfully, they need to know where you work. If you get sued, move to another state, and switch jobs, they have to do the entire process over again! This means find you, verify the debt, sue you, etc. You can essentially do this until your statute of limitations runs out. And then, you dispute the debt on your credit score. They take it off at that point, and you just saved a lot of money. I decided to put this as medium risk, because moving around a lot would require some luck. Especially since you would need to work wherever you go, there are a lot of moving parts here. I think it is totally doable, and if you are an adventurous personality type, it could be a lot of fun. This only works for the private student loan side, because the US government has a lot more power. You would still IBR your federal loans on this tactic. For more information, go through nowaysalliemae's post history.

Leave the Country: [medium risk] What if you want to avoid all of this altogether? Do you want a reset button on your life? You can just leave the country and start over. Seriously. Your credit score does not follow you across countries. The federal government cannot garnish your paycheck if you work internationally. You are not a criminal doing this. Furthermore, there is something called the Foreign Earned Income Tax Exclusion. Since you will still IBR your federal loans on this plan, as long as you make less than $100,000 in another country, your US income is zero. This means you just got a free education while you make money in another country. Once you pay zero for 25 years, you will have to defuse your student tax bomb. Tactic Below. Private companies do not stand a chance here. There are countries in the commonwealth such as Australia and Canada that are more willing to take you in if you meet certain requirements. You could teach English at a bunch of places. You could apply for residency at these places or be a perpetual tourist. A perpetual tourist is someone who essentially moves to a new country, goes to a neighboring country for a weekend, and then goes back to that new country they are trying to start a new life in*. This in no means you have to go back to the U.S. Ever. For example, you want to live in Panama forever, every 90 days, you take a weekend trip to Nicaragua. You come back to Panama after the weekend is over and get another 90 day pass. Rinse and repeat. This gives you another 90 days in your country of choice. If you make money on the internet, this strategy would work pretty well. You can just be a perpetual tourist or marry someone in another country and start a new life. This will not be a good fit for everyone, but there’s something exciting about this. If you are young, single, and restless, this could be the adventure of a lifetime. Here's more info on being a perpetual traveler and the FEIE: https://www.escapeartist.com/blog/perpetual-traveler-us-tax-code/

Suspend Payment Without More Debt: [low risk] So recently, it has been brought to my attention that there is a community college, Luna Community College (in Las Vegas, NM), that has tuition so low you could go half time all year for about 684 dollars. They have a small amount of associate's degrees. If you just want to stop paying without taking any more loans, this would be the way to do it. You could do this for many years. Luna Community College's tuition matrix: https://luna.edu/tuition_matrix

Convert Private Loans to Federal: [low risk] From this point on, these are my special tactics I’ve been thinking about. They might work really well for some people. So, you have a bunch of federal loans and a good amount of private loans. You don’t want to fight debt collectors or move around. Try this. This plan only works if you have a bachelor’s degree though. Anyways, there is a special loan offered by the US Federal Government called the Graduate Plus Loan. This loan is incredible, because there is no aggregate student loan limit. In other words, you can borrow as much money as you want here. Even a million dollars no questions asked. All you need is no delinquency or default on your credit report. If you do have these things, you can get a cosigner in on the plan. They won’t ever be responsible anyways because you will defuse the tax bomb at the end. This works to your advantage, because you could go back to school at the graduate level, get a diploma mill master’s degree online, use your room and board payment to start paying off your private loans ASAP. Just make sure you are doing whatever your school considers half time enrollment in order to avoid student loan payments while doing this. Once you’ve gone to school long enough and converted all of your private loans to grad plus loans, you could just go on an IBR plan. This will at least make your life manageable. You would have to defuse your student tax bomb once this is over. Tactic below.

Convert Federal Loans to Private: [medium risk] So, what if you wanted to go the opposite way? Maybe you want to convert all of your federal loans to private ones, default, and then leave the country? Hey, maybe there are reasons you want to hurry up the settlement process. You could essentially do the same strategy as above, but instead just borrow from Sallie Mae, Wells Fargo, etc until all of your federal loans are paid off. Then, either cat and mouse or leave the country. I don’t think a lot of people would find a use for this, but hey who knows?

Asset Creation Method: [high risk] What if you wanted to not just pay off your loans but get ahead in life? Maybe you feel like using your student loan debt to your advantage. Thanks to the work done by u/BinaryAlgorithm, you could really come out on top here. Remember those Grad Plus loans we were talking about? Well, there’s nothing stopping you from continually borrowing all year on these loans, investing the room and board, and acting as if you do not have the debt in the first place. While I had originally said that rental property does not count as income, I cannot find any documentation proving this. You can still invest this money however you want, and you just defuse the tax bomb at the end (if anyone can find that documentation, please let me know). I did find that rental properties offer a lot of ways to reduce your adjusted gross income (management fees, advertising, etc), and these could reduce your income closer to zero. We’re not done here. Moreover, you could get a job that qualifies for Public Student Loan Forgiveness, enjoy your investments, and then pay for the 10 years. Be sure to convert all loans to federal before starting this tactic. I only put this as high risk, because the whole plan falls apart if Grad Plus loans get capped. Will they? Probably not, because those are the loans doctors and lawyers take out to go to their professional schools. It would take an act of congress to change the way the law stands now, but still, you should know that. This plan spans decades, so a lot can change. Also, having this many installment loans may lower your credit score over a multitude of years, but based on what everyone has found out here, it's not by much. For more information, go to this subreddit's search bar and type in "aggregate" and go look at BinaryAlgorithm's two posts on the subject.

Defusing the Student Tax Bomb: [low risk] So lucky for you, I talked to an actual lawyer and an actual IRS agent about this. This is completely legal and doable. Okay, so you were a good person and paid your IBR for 25-30 years. What now? Well, you’re about to be hit hard with a tax bomb. All of that money that is now forgiven counts as income on your taxes. This could mean a bill in the tens of thousands if you combined this with any of the other methods here—or just borrowed a lot to begin with. Luckily for us, there is something called insolvency. This means you are unable to pay your debts, and there is a really simple formula for whether or not you are insolvent. As long as you have more liabilities than assets at the time of student loan forgiveness, you are considered insolvent. In other words, right before you are about to be forgiven, like year 24 out of 25, you would take out a loan on something. All you would need to do is buy a house, buy a car, or buy something with a huge price tag. As long as your liabilities are way higher than your assets (like aim for 100K or something more), you are considered insolvent and you don’t have to pay any of the tax bomb. Boom. The IRS agent said this is fine. The lawyer said this is fine. I cannot believe this is fine. Where could you get the money to borrow for a house? Check Asset Creation method above. You could always sell the asset after the tax bomb is dealt with. For more information on defusing the student loan tax bomb: https://lawyerist.com/defusing-student-loan-interest-tax-bomb/

Getting Your Cosigner Off the Hook: So 90% of us have cosigners based on some statistic I read. These people are going to pissed at you, because they get harassed. If you have a lot of time to plan your strategy out, you can simply convert all of your private loans to federal ones. They are no longer responsible. The plan is above. Check out “Convert Private Loans to Federal.” Furthermore, if you are attempting to go the default route with private loans, you could potentially get your cosigner off the hook by refinancing your student loans without the cosigner. After you refinance, you could just default then. You would need good credit and meet certain requirements for this. Also, if you plan on defaulting, you might want to get your cosigner to transfer their assets to their spouse or someone trustworthy. Even though liens are rare, this could give you some peace of mind. As long as about 3-5 years go by, this is no longer considered a fraudulent transfer. Your state will have certain rules about this. If you are from Florida, apparently houses are untouchable there. You will need a lawyer to plan the asset transfer. At the same time, you may not be able to get your cosigner off the hook. Make peace with that. Student loans are brutal, so all you can really do is educate yourself and your cosigner and hope you come out on top.

Madlad Method: [high risk] Now, here comes my personal plan. This is what I’m doing, because I want to live a life on my terms and not really work for anyone my entire life. I’m also not a normal person, so this will probably appear crazy to some or most of you. So at this point, if you understand all of the methods before you, you are a powerful player in the student loan circus. You can do anything from fight the man to maliciously comply and bankrupt the system while becoming upper-middle class. I don’t really care for any of that. I want to go to a tropical paradise and make music for 20 years, so here is my interpretation of everything. I have some federal loans and private loans. I net about 25K a year through the Grad Plus loans, and I work about 4 hours a week in the online classroom. I take that federal loan money, and I sock away a few hundred every month to save up for my private loan settlement in about five years. Since I save 300 every month, I’ll have about 18K in 5 years when I go into default. I will settle ASAP. At the same time, I will continue to go to diploma mill universities, get master's degree after master’s degree, and move to a Latin American country where the cost of living is even lower. This way, my 25K a year puts me in the upper class of that country. I can live where I want and really do whatever I damn well please for as long as the Grad Plus loans are around. As an added bonus, I will already be starting a new life in another country where I can make connections and maybe even get married. I studied linguistics, so I know how to teach English. I can do that if I want a source of income anywhere. So there is my plan, and honestly, one day we might get someone in office who just wipes out all of this debt anyways. If that’s the case, I can just play the waiting game until all of this is over. Here are the rules on adverse credit history and Grad Plus loans: https://studentaid.ed.gov/sa/sites/default/files/plus-adverse-credit.pdf

Final Thoughts: Defaulting on student loans is not immoral or a sin. It is a business decision. Everyone else gets bailouts, why should student borrowers be any different? You’re going to have to ignore the people who tell you why they think you should be a good little slave and pay your loans. Those people are not your friends. Those people are not on your side. Some of the best advice I ever received in life was you have to do what’s best for you. Also, if you have anything you would like to add to this or would like to challenge, please let me know. I want this to be as accurate as possible. I will be looking at this perpetually to make sure there are no errors. Take care. Good luck. You can do this.

Updated - Exosquad timeline

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[SA] My experience with getting a name and gender change in Adelaide

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Day Trading Binary Options For USA Traders How To Turn ...